北京电子口岸“单一窗口”建设问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 05:11

本文选题：单一窗口 + 电子口岸　；参考：《北京邮电大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,全球贸易增速放缓,国际贸易竞争日趋激烈,随之而来的是在国际贸易竞争中,跨国物流通关的便利化程度越发重要,全球各国普遍采用“单一窗口”作为提升贸易便利度、简化通关程序的重要措施,已取得了显著的效果。我国曾经以“单一窗口”为目标模型,启动了的电子口岸项目,但在“条块分割”的体制下,各单位难以统一认识,信息资源难以整合,经过多年始终未能实现“单一窗口”的建设目标,影响了我国跨境贸易、物流的高速发展。2015年起,中央加大了对“单一窗口”建设的政策支持力度和工作指导力度,全国各地“单一窗口”的建设进入了新的发展期,我国涌现出了上海、厦门、福建等“单一窗口”先进典型。北京“单一窗口”按照国务院有关决策部署,依托原有电子口岸平台,推动口岸管理相关部门各作业系统横向互联,建立信息共享共用机制,构建京津冀一体化区域发展特色的北京国际贸易“单一窗口”(以下简称北京“单一窗口,”)。“单一窗口”的建设不同于普通的信息化建设,涉及的部门范围广、层级高,牵扯到的利益关系复杂,它要突破现有体制下的行政管理问题,需要政府流程再造,因此亟待解决的并非是信息技术方面的难题,而是需要从设计建设、管理运维体制、信息共享和数据管理机制方面都,对国内外的成功经验的充分借鉴,结合实践的充分论证和调研。当前国际贸易下行压力增大的经济形势下,各国都在进行“单一窗口”的研究和建设,全球各国、各区域性的“单一窗口”都采用了不同的模式进行建设,建设和研究阶段也各不相同。本文以“无缝隙的政府”、“政府流程再造”的基本原理为指导,通过进行文献研究,对国内外“单一窗口”的建设方式和模式进行深入学习研究,对“国家单一窗口”这个阶段的建设成果进行了重点学习和做法借鉴。对北京“单一窗口”涉及到的部门和国内“单一窗口”建设领先的地区先后进行实地走访、调研累计逾50次,并运用调查法,对北京市级各进出口业务相关的执法部门的信息化建设情况进行了摸底;与中央部委密切沟通、多次函商,了解申请开放数据通道流程;赴天津、河北调研当地的“单一窗口”和物流通关信息化状况;赴上海、福建、厦门、广东参观考察“单一窗口”建设和使用情况,所了解到的情况,对相关问题的研究具有实际价值。通过观察法,对比措施采取前后所取得的效果,将阻力区分为组织问题或个人问题,形成了问题成因分析部分的内容。写作过程中,总结了调研工作中的颇多收获,虽然在文章中不能全面展现出在电子政务工程日日新的建设浪潮中,我国政府各部门信息化建设方面的成果,但如此高密度、大范围的调研机会宝贵,所了解到的情况,接触到的问题具有一定价值;各部门的相关信息化系统都是北京“单一窗口”系统的基石;在中央大力推行数据共享的时期,文章中对数据共享方面的研究更详实,较前人更上了一步,不再是宏观的建议和泛泛提出问题,更具体、更具有实际参考意义。文章中分析了北京电子口岸时期的建设优势和瓶颈,介绍了北京“单一窗口”时期较电子口岸时期的不同。对北京“单一窗口”建设中遇到的问题进行了介绍和分析,通过借鉴国外成熟“单一窗口”的建设模式,国内“单一窗口”设计和体制机制经验,从而对北京“单一窗口”的建设问题提出可行的建议和对策。尽管建设“单一窗口”耗资巨大,当前北京“单一窗口”的建设进展不尽如人意,但它作为企业参与全球贸易重要举措之一,已经搭建起了一个政府间信息共享,政府为企业提供服务、接受企业监督的平台,可供持续开发和完善,实现从商品生产,到闸口、舱口的长链条的功能控制和信息追踪,辐射京津冀整个区域,在三地之间形成数据传输、信息互认、执法协同的局面,联通国家各口岸,甚至海外区域化的“单一窗口”的信息快速通道。另外,还应逐步加载实现电子化订舱、租船、租箱、投保、货款支付、货代委托灾损鉴定等业务办理功能,实现由政府服务平台向商务政务综合服务平台的转换。
[Abstract]:At present, the growth of Global trade is slowing down and international trade competition is becoming increasingly fierce. In the competition of international trade, the degree of facilitating the customs clearance of transnational logistics is becoming more and more important. The "single window" is widely adopted by all countries in the world as an important measure to improve the trade convenience and simplify the customs procedures. With the "single window" as the target model, the electronic port project has been started, but under the "strip segmentation" system, each unit is difficult to realize the unified understanding, the information resources are difficult to integrate. After years, the "single window" construction target has not been realized, and the cross-border trade of China has been affected, the high speed development of logistics has increased in.2015 years, the central government has increased As for the policy support and work guidance of the "single window" construction, the construction of "single window" has entered a new development period throughout the country. The "single window" in Shanghai, Xiamen and Fujian has emerged in China. The "single window" of Beijing has been deployed in accordance with the relevant decision-making of the State Council and relying on the original electronic port platform. The operation system of the management port management departments is interconnected, the sharing mechanism of information sharing is set up, and the "single window" of Beijing international trade is constructed (hereinafter referred to as "the single window of Beijing"). The construction of "single window" is different from the general information construction, and the scope of the departments involved is wide. The interest relationship is complicated. It needs to break through the problems of the administrative management under the existing system and need the reengineering of the government process. Therefore, it is not a difficult problem in the information technology, but the full reference to the successful experience at home and abroad from the design construction, the management of the Yun Wei system, the information sharing and the data management mechanism. According to the full demonstration and investigation of practice, under the current economic situation of increasing pressure on the downside of international trade, all countries are carrying on the research and construction of "single window". All the countries in the world and the regional "single window" have adopted different models for construction, and the construction and research stages are different. Under the guidance of the basic principle of "government process reengineering", the paper studies the construction mode and mode of "single window" at home and abroad through literature research, and studies the construction achievements of "national single window" at the stage of construction, and borrows from the practice of the "single window" of Beijing. Domestic "single window" construction leading areas have been on the spot, more than 50 surveys, and the use of investigation method, and the use of investigation method, Beijing municipal law enforcement departments related to import and export business information construction of information, close communication with the central ministries and commissions, many letters, to understand the application of open data channel process; to Tianjin, Hebei Investigate the local "single window" and the information status of logistics customs clearance; visit Shanghai, Fujian, Xiamen and Guangdong to inspect the construction and use of "single window". The situation is of practical value to the study of related problems. Through the observation method, the effect is taken before and after the contrast measures are taken, and the resistance is divided into organizational questions. Questions or personal problems have formed the content of the analysis of the cause of the problem. In the process of writing, we have summed up a lot of achievements in the research work. Although in the article, we can not fully show the achievements of the information construction of the various departments of our government in the tide of the new construction of E-government engineering, but the high density and large scope of the research machine It will be valuable, the understanding of the situation, contact with the problem of certain value; the relevant information system in all departments is the cornerstone of the "single window" system in Beijing; in the period of data sharing in the central government, the research on data sharing is more detailed and more detailed than the predecessors, no longer a macro suggestion and generalization. The paper analyzes the advantages and bottlenecks of the construction of Beijing electronic port, introduces the difference between the period of the "single window" in Beijing and the time of the electronic port, and introduces and analyzes the problems encountered in the construction of "single window" in Beijing. The construction mode of window ", the single window" design and the experience of institutional mechanism in China, so as to put forward feasible suggestions and Countermeasures for the construction of "single window" in Beijing. Although the construction of "single window" is very expensive, the construction of "single window" in Beijing is not satisfactory at present, but it takes part in the global trade as an enterprise. One of the measures is to build an intergovernmental information sharing, the government provides services to enterprises, and the platform for enterprise supervision, which can be developed and perfected for the purpose of realizing the function control and information tracking of the long chain from the production of goods to the gate, the gate of the hatch, the whole region of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the formation of data transmission and information between the three places. In addition, we should gradually load and implement the electronic booking, chartering, renting, insurance, payment of the goods, the payment of the goods and the identification of the damage identification of the freight forwarders, and the comprehensive service platform from the government service platform to the business affairs. Conversion.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

【参考文献】