多出口室内行人疏散模型及其应用的研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 07:28

本文选题：元胞自动机 + 静态场　；参考：《广西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文采用元胞自动机模型,在静态场的基础上引入代价因子,该因子反映室内行人为尽快走出室内,在选择目标出口时需要考虑的距离和竞争因素,为两者的加权平均(权重为k),而行人在选择出口时会选择代价最小的出口。模拟显示,无论是在初始行人分布不均匀的情况下,还是室内出口分布不对称的情况下,多出口室内的出口都能得到充分利用,而且即使在疏散过程中增加室内的出口,行人也会自动适应这种变化,使室内出口得到充分利用,这在本文中通过设定一定条件的大厅进行模拟后都得到了再现。本文还对模型中出现的自由调节参数权重k进行了讨论,k反映的是行人的保守程度,越保守的行人越不倾向于切换出口；由于权重k可以在区间内自由取值,但是实际关心的是在给定环境下疏散时间最少的权重k,k的获得也是本文讨论的重点之一。对最优权重的研究表明,在大厅等室内疏散过程中,最优的权重k随初始行人密度增加而减少,同时不同的室内设定将会有不同的k,具体为较长的大厅则k越大。最后本文还利用模型易于动态增门的特点,考虑了在有应急门的情况下的一些影响,也就是将该模型应用于有应急出口的室内模拟,结果显示应急门打开得越早越好,应急门打开得过晚甚至会比完全没有应急门的情况还坏,而且还可以从结果看出应急出口与疏散时间有一段线性增长区间,对于的应急出口位置分布会给疏散过程带来什么差异这个问题,本文设计了三种典型的应急出口相对于常规出口的布局,并进行了模拟对比,得出同边应急出口布局较利于疏散的结论。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the cellular automata model is used to introduce the cost factor on the basis of static field. This factor reflects the distance and competition factors that should be considered in choosing the target exit when the indoor pedestrian leaves the room as soon as possible. For the weighted average of both (the weight is KG, and the pedestrian chooses the least costly exit when choosing the exit). The simulation shows that both the initial pedestrian distribution is uneven and the indoor exit distribution is asymmetrical, the multi-outlet indoor exits can be fully utilized, and even if the indoor exits are added during the evacuation process, The pedestrian will adapt to this change automatically and make full use of the indoor exit, which is reproduced in this paper through the simulation of the hall with certain conditions. In this paper, we also discuss the free adjustment parameter weight k in the model, which reflects the degree of conservatism of pedestrians, and the more conservative pedestrians are, the less inclined they are to switch exits. But it is also one of the key points in this paper that the weight k k of the minimum evacuation time in a given environment is of practical concern. The study on the optimal weight shows that the optimal weight k decreases with the increase of the initial pedestrian density in the evacuation process of the lobby, and different indoor settings will have different ks, especially for the longer hall, the larger the k. Finally, this paper takes advantage of the characteristic that the model is easy to add doors dynamically, and considers some effects in the case of emergency doors, that is, the model is applied to the indoor simulation of emergency exits. The results show that the sooner the emergency doors open, the better. Opening the emergency door too late can be worse than having no emergency door at all, and it can be seen from the results that there is a linear growth range between emergency exits and evacuation times. For the problem of how the location distribution of emergency exit will bring about the difference in the evacuation process, this paper designs three typical emergency exits relative to the conventional exit layout, and makes a simulation comparison. It is concluded that the layout of emergency exit on the same side is more favorable for evacuation.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

【参考文献】