农村突发公共卫生事件应急管理存在的问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 06:59

本文选题：农村 + 突发公共卫生事件　；参考：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近十多年来的SARS、禽流感、猪流感、H1N1、手足口病、埃博拉、三鹿奶粉事件等,对公众生命财产安全造成了严重的危害。受医疗卫生、社会保障等诸多因素的限制,加之村民对传染性疾病、食物中毒等公共卫生事件缺乏科学认知,农村地区已是我国突发公共卫生事件的重灾区。因此,如何科学合理、及时有效地处置农村突发公共卫生事件,最大限度地减少突发公共卫生事件带给我们的危害已经成为农村应急工作面临的重要课题和严峻挑战。农村突发公共卫生事件易发、难测、容易反复。经过长期的理论和实践探索,我国农村突发公共卫生事件应急管理工作取得了明显进展和积极成效。目前,我国绝大部分地区的基层单位应急管理组织框架已基本建成、应急预案较为规范明确、且相关法律法规也已施行。但农村地区突发公共卫生事件应急管理工作也暴露出不少问题,较为突出的表现有农村地区应急机构设置不够完善、应急处置不够规范、医疗条件比较简陋、保障政策设置不够具体等,严重影响到应对突发公共卫生事件的工作成效。究其成因,主要有农村客观条件制约、风险意识比较低、资源配置不合理等。本文在理论分析和实证研究的基础上,从我国农村突发公共卫生事件应急管理的实际出发,认为在今后很长一段时间内,我国加强农村地区突发公共卫生事件应急管理工作应着重从五个方面着手:一是强化农村应急管理理念,重点是要注重转变基层政府的职能观、改善基层领导干部的政绩观并努力提高农村居民的应急意识;二是优化县、乡、村应急处置体系,重点是强化县级政府处置的主体责任、完善县乡村纵向联动、加强应急职能机构的横向联系;三是加强农村应急队伍建设,重点是培育卫生人才、管理人才,并培育出农村应急社会组织来对政府工作进行补充;四是夯实农村应急物资保障,重点是加大对农村卫生方面的专项资金投入及管理、增加监测处置设备的配置及对应急品的储备做到综合管理;五是完善等农村应急制度保障,重点是要科学制定各项预案、及时修订各项相关法律法规、建立严格问责制度等。论文的主要创新之处体现在:立足我国农村的现实情况,研究突发公共卫生事件应急管理具有一定的创新性,为我国政府应急管理研究提供了一个新的视角,拓宽了研究视野。
[Abstract]:In recent more than 10 years, SARS, avian influenza, swine flu, H1N1, hand foot and mouth disease, Ebola, Sanlu milk powder, etc. have caused serious harm to the safety of public life and property. Limited by many factors such as medical health, social security, and other public health incidents such as infectious diseases and food poisoning, rural areas are already Therefore, it has become an important task and a severe challenge for rural emergency work to deal with emergency public health incidents in a timely and effective way and reduce the hazards brought to us in the rural areas. It is easy to repeat. After a long period of theory and practice, the emergency management of rural public health emergencies in China has made obvious progress and positive results. At present, the organizational framework for emergency management of grass-roots units in most areas of our country has been basically completed, and the emergency plan is more regular, and the relevant laws and regulations have been implemented. The emergency management of public health incidents in the village area also exposed a lot of problems. The outstanding performance is that the emergency institutions in the rural areas are not perfect, the emergency disposal is not standardized, the medical conditions are relatively simple and the policy setting is not specific, which seriously affects the effectiveness of the emergency public health events. In this paper, on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical research, this paper, based on the theoretical analysis and empirical research, from the reality of emergency management of rural public health emergencies in China, believes that the emergency management of public health emergencies in rural areas is strengthened for a long time in the future. The work should focus on five aspects: first, strengthening the concept of rural emergency management, focusing on changing the function view of the grass-roots government, improving the performance view of the grass-roots cadres and improving the consciousness of rural residents' emergency. The two is to optimize the county, township and village emergency disposal system, and the emphasis is to strengthen the main responsibility of the county-level government and improve the main responsibility of the county government. County and rural vertical linkage, strengthen the lateral linkage of emergency functional organizations, three is to strengthen the construction of rural emergency team, the emphasis is to cultivate health personnel, management personnel, and cultivate rural emergency social organizations to supplement the government work; four is to consolidate the rural emergency material security, the focus is to increase the specific funds for rural health investment. Entering and managing, increasing the configuration of monitoring and disposing equipment and the comprehensive management of the reserve of emergency products; five is to improve the guarantee of rural emergency system, the emphasis is to make scientific plans, revise relevant laws and regulations in time, and establish strict accountability system. The main innovation of this paper is based on the reality of rural areas in China. The study of emergency management of public health emergencies has a certain innovation, which provides a new perspective for the study of government emergency management in China and broadens the research field of vision.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

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