国家治理现代化视角下的行政审批制度改革研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 13:57

本文选题：国家治理现代化 + 行政审批　；参考：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家治理现代化是新时期下我国全面深化改革的总目标,是发展中国特色社会主义事业的必然要求。改革开放以来,现代化建设飞速发展,与此同时,全球化、市场化、工业化、信息化的浪潮也在一次次地考验着我国的国家治理体系和治理能力。这些挑战在国家治理的政治和经济层面便突出的表现为政府与市场的关系问题。长期以来,政府“有形的脚”踩住了市场“无形的手”,让许多本该不存在的审批事项严重阻碍了市场资源的自由流动,也阻碍了我国市场经济体制的建立健全。而审批项目的浩繁还成为“有权就是任性”滋生腐败的温床。十八大召开后新一届政府高调反腐,从电力、煤炭到交通运输,从教育、医疗再到证券、金融领域均有落马高官的身影,而这些“大小老虎”们无不手握重要的审批权。在权力的魅惑下,没有完善的体制保障和法律制度,官员们很难不滑向欲望的深渊。在经济社会转型的关键时期,面对诸多的矛盾和问题,党的十八届三中全会公报首次提出将“推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”作为“全面深化改革的总目标”1,这一提法站在国家治理现代化的高度为我国深化行政审批制度改革提出了新的时代课题。十八届三中全会提出要全面深化改革,如何处理好政府与市场的关系直接关系到改革的成败,而行政审批制度改革就是理顺政府和市场关系问题的“突破口”和“抓手”。2014年李克强总理在全国两会上提出要公布权力清单。新一届政府成立以来,国务院多次取消和下放行政审批事项,昭示着深化行政审批制度改革对促进当下中国经济社会发展的重大意义:首先,转变政府职能的重要途径是深化行政审批制度改革。其次,完善市场经济体制的关键环节是深化行政审批制度改革。再次,成功建设法治政府的有力保障是深化政审批制度改革。梳理学界对行政审批制度改革的研究可以看出,国内学界的研究涉及学科较为广泛,其中涵盖经济学、政治及公共管理学、法学等等。研究内容包括我国推进行政审批制度改革的意义研究;我国行政审批制度改革的问题研究;深化我国行政审批制度改革的解决对策研究等等。国外学界则主要是从经济学的角度对行政审批制度进行研究。其主要观点分为:公共利益理论;部门利益理论以及从部门利益理论中衍生出的政府审批俘虏理论。其主要研究模式又分为布雷耶尔模式、史普博模式以及施蒂格勒模式。本文试图从我国行政审批制度改革的历史沿革着手,结合国外审批改革经验,紧密联系我国推进行政审批制度改革的现实必要性,对如何巩固改革成果、继续有效推进深化改革展开研究。我国行政审批体制改革自改革开放起走到今天历经摸索、规制、推广和深化四个阶段,取得了不少成绩,但仍面临着政府管理越位、监管职能缺位和法律规范不到位的突出问题。当前要想进一步深化行政审批制度改革,实施简政放权,从根本上推动政府职能的转变、完善监管体制、健全法律保障是关键所在。
[Abstract]:The modernization of state governance is the general goal of deepening the reform in our country in the new period and the inevitable requirement for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the reform and opening up, the modernization is developing rapidly. At the same time, the wave of globalization, marketization, industrialization and information has also tested the national governance system and governance of our country once and again. In the political and economic aspects of national governance, these challenges are highlighted by the relationship between the government and the market. For a long time, the "tangible foot" of the government has stepped on the "invisible hand" of the market, and many of the items that do not exist have seriously hindered the free flow of market resources and hindered the market economy of our country. After the eighteen major convening, the new government has a high profile of anti-corruption, from electricity, coal to transportation, from education, medical treatment to securities, and in the financial field, and these "big and small tigers" have an important examination and approval. Right. Under the enchantment of power, without a perfect system guarantee and legal system, it is difficult for officials to not slide into the abyss of desire. In the critical period of economic and social transformation, facing many contradictions and problems, the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee communique of the party first proposed to "promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity" as "comprehensive and deep". The general goal of the reform of the reform is "1, which puts forward a new era topic for the reform of the administrative examination and approval system in China. In the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it is proposed to deepen the reform in an all-round way. How to deal with the relationship between the government and the market is directly related to the success or failure of the reform, and the reform of the administrative examination and approval system is to straighten out the reform. The "breakthrough" and "grasp the hand" of the government and market relations in.2014, in.2014, put forward the list of power to publish. Since the founding of the new government, the State Council has repeatedly cancelled and decentralizes the administrative examination and approval matters, which shows the great significance of deepening the reform of the administrative examination and approval system to the economic and social development of the present China. First, the important way to change the function of the government is to deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system. Secondly, the key link of the market economy system is to deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system. Thirdly, the strong guarantee of the successful construction of the rule of law government is to deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system. The study of the academic circles involves a wide range of subjects, including economics, political and public management, law and so on. The research content includes the significance of the reform of the administrative examination and approval system in China, the research on the reform of the administrative examination and approval system in China, the research on Deepening the solution of the reform of the administrative examination and approval system in China, and so on. If we study the administrative examination and approval system from the perspective of economics, the main points of view are: the theory of public interest, the theory of departmental interests and the theory of government approval of captives derived from the theory of departmental interests. The main research patterns are also divided into Breye M model, Shi Pubomo type and the spatigre model. The historical evolution of the reform of the administrative examination and approval system, combined with the experience of foreign reform and examination and approval, closely related to the practical necessity of promoting the reform of the administrative examination and approval system in China, and Research on how to consolidate the results of the reform and continue to promote the deepening of the deepening of the reform. There are many achievements in the four stages of deepening and deepening the government management offside, the lack of regulatory function and the lack of legal norms. At present, it is essential to further deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system, implement the simple government and release power, fundamentally promote the transformation of the government functions, improve the regulatory system and improve the legal guarantee. It's right.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

【参考文献】