我国失独家庭扶助制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 01:22

本文选题：失独家庭 + 国家扶助　；参考：《浙江工商大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：独生子女政策抑制了人口的爆炸式增长,但另一方面,对严格执行独生子女政策后子女却意外伤残或死亡的家庭更是付出了惨痛的代价,失独家庭的诉求逐渐成为社会热点。本文分四部分系统阐述失独家庭的扶助问题。第一部分:从两个方面阐述失独家庭的政府扶助义务。一方面,失独群体面临着各种困境一精神创伤、养老担忧、经济困难、婚姻关系危机等等。另一方面,基于特别牺牲理论、风险社会理论、国家责任论、平等权理论四个视角为国家扶助失独家庭提供理论依据。第二部分:从四个方面分析我国失独家庭国家扶助的现状及问题。第一,失独家庭扶助制度的发展历程概括为三个阶段:国家扶助制度的初期、特别扶助制度的确立、特别扶助制度的发展。第二,概括中央层面失独家庭扶助制度的不足:失独家庭扶助制度依据单一化、缺少对失独家庭养老问题扶助的系统性规定、扶助对象范围太窄、失独家庭扶助制度缺乏完整的框架、扶助对象认定程序的不科学。第三,从精神抚慰、养老方面、扶助金方面、扶助范围上比较失独家庭的地方扶助方案。第四,归纳总结出地方扶助失独家庭存在的不足,包括政府信息公开和宣传不到位、地方特别扶助标准差异大、养老问题突出、精神抚慰和心理疏导欠缺、政策的衔接问题、利益表达机制的欠缺。第三部分:总结出扶助失独家庭的措施。依托《计划生育特殊家庭扶助条例》建构法律保障框架;以社会团体作为利益表达渠道;在处理好《慈善法》与《社会救助暂行办法》衔接的同时以慈善救助为补充保障机制。第四部分:针对失独家庭的特殊性,提出《计划生育特殊家庭扶助条例》的完善重点。第一,优化扶助对象认定程序、范围和扶助金。第二,完善养老措施和精神慰藉方式。第三,重视社会力量的参与。第四,加强对扶助制度实施的监督。
[Abstract]:The one-child policy has restrained the explosive growth of the population, but on the other hand, the families whose children were accidentally disabled or died after the strict implementation of the one-child policy have paid a painful price, and the appeal of the families without independence has gradually become a social hot spot. This article is divided into four parts to systematically explain the problem of support for families without independence. The first part: from two aspects to explain the government support obligations of families without independence. On the one hand, the independence-deprived group is faced with a variety of difficulties-trauma, pension worries, financial difficulties, marriage crisis and so on. On the other hand, based on the theory of special sacrifice, the theory of risk society, the theory of state responsibility and the theory of equal right, it provides the theoretical basis for the state to assist families who have lost their independence. The second part analyzes the current situation and problems of the state support for families without independence from four aspects. First, the development of the family assistance system for the loss of independence can be summarized into three stages: the initial stage of the national assistance system, the establishment of the special assistance system and the development of the special assistance system. Second, summarize the central level of the lack of support system for families without independence: the system of support for families without independence is based on a unitary basis, lack of systematic provisions to support the pension problem of families without independence, and the scope of assistance is too narrow. The system of support for families without independence lacks a complete framework, and the identification procedure of assistance objects is unscientific. Third, from the spiritual comfort, old-age care, assistance to the fund, the scope of assistance to families who lost their independence more local support programs. Fourthly, it summarizes the shortcomings of local families in helping families who have lost their independence, including the lack of publicity and publicity of government information, the large difference in local support standards, the outstanding problem of old-age support, the lack of spiritual comfort and psychological guidance, and the problem of policy convergence. The deficiency of interest expression mechanism. The third part: summing up the measures to help the families who lost their independence. Relying on the "regulations on special family support for family planning", we should construct a legal guarantee framework; take social organizations as a channel of expression of interests; and take charitable assistance as a supplementary safeguard mechanism while dealing well with the connection between the "Charitable Law" and the "interim measures for Social Assistance". The fourth part: aiming at the particularity of the families without independence, the author puts forward the perfect key points of the special family support regulations of family planning. First, optimize the object identification procedures, scope and assistance. Second, improve pension measures and spiritual comfort. Third, attach importance to the participation of social forces. Fourth, strengthen the supervision of the implementation of the support system.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D632.1

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