市场失灵与政府干预——1941年底上海华界公粜中的食物获取权

发布时间：2018-07-16 23:44

【摘要】：抗战时期由于日本对沦陷区大米的掠夺和粮食流通管制,上海大米市场出现市场厚度不足和流通不畅等市场失灵现象,导致了基于食物获取权交换失败的米荒。汪伪政府采取公粜的方式,参与了粮食供给。公粜作为市场之外的食物供给补充机制,有利于短期内缓解米荒。但是,公粜没能解决市场失灵导致的食物获取权交换失败,反而使得政府控制了粮食的供给和分配,进而排挤和否定市场,最终形成了米粮配给制。米粮配给制不仅没有解决饥荒,反而加剧了上海市民的痛苦。上海大米黑市繁荣代表了居民通过市场的食物获取权的有限恢复,体现了市场机制的活力。政府行为应该被严格限定为市场的辅助机制,因为政府行为很难解决市场失灵,反而可能取代市场机制。即使面对战争等特殊情况导致的市场失灵,也需要相信市场的调节能力和自我修复能力,在市场设计中完善市场正常运行的微观机制,发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用。
[Abstract]:During the War of Resistance against Japan, due to the plundering of rice and the regulation of grain circulation in the enemy-occupied areas, the rice market in Shanghai was out of order, such as insufficient market thickness and poor circulation, which led to the rice shortage based on the exchange of food access rights. The bogus government took part in the supply of grain in a public manner. As a supplementary mechanism of food supply outside the market, public-selling is helpful to alleviate rice shortage in the short-term. However, the public selling fails to solve the failure of the exchange of the right to obtain food caused by the market failure. Instead, the government controls the supply and distribution of grain, thus crowding out and negating the market, and finally forming the rice distribution system. Rice rations not only did not solve the famine, but exacerbated the suffering of Shanghai residents. The prosperity of rice black market in Shanghai represents the limited restoration of residents' access to food through the market and reflects the vitality of the market mechanism. Government behavior should be strictly limited to the auxiliary mechanism of the market because it is difficult to solve the market failure and may replace the market mechanism. Even in the face of market failure caused by special situations such as war, we still need to believe in the ability of market regulation and self-repair, improve the micro mechanism of market normal operation in market design, and give play to the decisive role of market in the allocation of resources.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学商学院;
【基金】：中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划资助项目;中国政法大学校级人文社会科学研究项目资助(项目编号:15ZFQ79001) 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(项目编号:13YJC790166)
【分类号】：D630;F329

【相似文献】