我国城市贫困群体的自立性救助问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-08 21:27
【摘要】：随着中国改革开放的深入、经济的高速发展、社会的转型加剧、不可避免出现了城市贫困问题,我国政府高度重视,并为缓解日益加深的城市贫困问题逐步建立起以最低生活保障制度为主体,辅之以各专项救助及临时救助的社会救助体系。社会救助政策不仅保障了城市贫困群体基本生存权利,并且救助的力度不断增强,发挥的作用持续增大。但是,我国现行社会救助政策,本质上来看只属于一项收入维持制度,注重强调保障生活困难群体的基本生存权,大都忽视了城市贫困群体的发展与自立,这种救助是被动的、消极的,并不能帮助受助对象真正脱离贫困。 我国的北京市、广州市、大连市、重庆市等地区在政策的具体实施中,亦意识到了现行社会救助忽视受助对象自立与发展,于是开始对现有政策进行了一系列的变革,实施积极地就业政策、对受助对象进行分类救助、适当延长救助减退的时间等方面进行了积极的探索,但是探索中还是存在一定的问题。问题既包括政策本身存在的设计不科学存在着就业激励负效应、瞄准对象存在偏差等问题,也包括了地区在进行政策探索实施中存在的分类制度不完善、救助减退时间不合理等问题。 在美国、英国、德国等发达国家,社会救助制度起步较早,经过成百上千年的发展,这些国家都已经建立起了健全的社会救助体系。通过对这几个国家社会救助政策的沿革上可以看出,国外的社会救助项目呈现出多样化,针对不同的贫困群体采取不同的救助方式。树立了积极地救助理念,以工作换取福利与法制建设的观念贯穿着社会救助制度的始终,每一项救助项目都上升到法律层面,每一个劳动年龄内具备劳动能力的受助对象想要获得救助的条件都是他必须要有就业的意愿并在处于积极寻找工作的状态之中。在对受助对象的受助资格进行严格限定的同时,政府也为受助对象实现自立提供诸多帮助,通过培训、制定个人发展计划等项目增加受助对象走向就业实现自立的能力,最终使之真正摆脱贫困。国外的先进做法都是在其不断地发展变革中总结出的经验教训,对我国城市贫困群体的自立性救助起到了一定的借鉴意义。 文章的最后,通过对我国的各地积极探索的分析以及国外先进经验的借鉴,对我国未来自立性救助发展提出了一些建议。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the rapid development of economy and the intensification of social transformation, the problem of urban poverty is unavoidable. Our government attaches great importance to it, and has gradually established a social assistance body with the minimum living security system, supplemented by the special assistance and temporary assistance to alleviate the increasingly deepening urban poverty. The social assistance policy not only safeguards the basic survival rights of the urban poor, but also increases the strength of the rescue. However, the current social assistance policy in China is essentially a system of income maintenance, emphasizing the basic right to live in the living difficult groups, mostly ignoring the city. The development and independence of the impoverished group is passive, and it can not help the recipients to really get rid of poverty.
In China, Beijing, Guangzhou, Dalian, Chongqing and other regions in the specific implementation of the policy, also realized that the current social assistance ignored the subject of self-reliance and development, and began a series of changes to the existing policies, the implementation of the active employment policy, the aid of classified assistance to the recipients, and the appropriate extension of relief and reduction. Among other aspects, there are some positive exploration, but there are still some problems in the exploration. The problems not only include the unscientific design of the policy itself, the negative effect of employment incentive, the deviation of the target object and so on, but also the imperfect classification system in the implementation of the policy exploration and the disagreement of relief time. Problems of reason and so on.
In the developed countries of the United States, Britain, Germany and other developed countries, the social assistance system started earlier. After hundreds of thousands of years of development, these countries have established a sound social assistance system. Through the evolution of the social assistance policies of these countries, it can be seen that foreign social assistance projects are diversified and aimed at different poverty groups. The concept of active assistance is set up, and the concept of active assistance is set up, the concept of welfare and the construction of the legal system is carried out throughout the social assistance system. Every assistance project is up to the legal level, and the conditions for the recipients who have the ability to work in every working age want to be saved. The willingness of the industry is in a state of active search for work. While the qualification of recipients is strictly limited, the government provides a lot of help for the self-reliance of the recipients, through training, the development of personal development programs and other projects to increase the ability of the recipients to achieve self-reliance, and finally make it out of the poor. The advanced practice of foreign countries is the lessons learned from the continuous development and reform, which has played a certain reference for the self-supporting assistance of the urban poor in our country.
At the end of the article, through the analysis of the active exploration in our country and the reference of foreign advanced experience, some suggestions are put forward for the future self-supporting development of our country.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D632.1
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the rapid development of economy and the intensification of social transformation, the problem of urban poverty is unavoidable. Our government attaches great importance to it, and has gradually established a social assistance body with the minimum living security system, supplemented by the special assistance and temporary assistance to alleviate the increasingly deepening urban poverty. The social assistance policy not only safeguards the basic survival rights of the urban poor, but also increases the strength of the rescue. However, the current social assistance policy in China is essentially a system of income maintenance, emphasizing the basic right to live in the living difficult groups, mostly ignoring the city. The development and independence of the impoverished group is passive, and it can not help the recipients to really get rid of poverty.
In China, Beijing, Guangzhou, Dalian, Chongqing and other regions in the specific implementation of the policy, also realized that the current social assistance ignored the subject of self-reliance and development, and began a series of changes to the existing policies, the implementation of the active employment policy, the aid of classified assistance to the recipients, and the appropriate extension of relief and reduction. Among other aspects, there are some positive exploration, but there are still some problems in the exploration. The problems not only include the unscientific design of the policy itself, the negative effect of employment incentive, the deviation of the target object and so on, but also the imperfect classification system in the implementation of the policy exploration and the disagreement of relief time. Problems of reason and so on.
In the developed countries of the United States, Britain, Germany and other developed countries, the social assistance system started earlier. After hundreds of thousands of years of development, these countries have established a sound social assistance system. Through the evolution of the social assistance policies of these countries, it can be seen that foreign social assistance projects are diversified and aimed at different poverty groups. The concept of active assistance is set up, and the concept of active assistance is set up, the concept of welfare and the construction of the legal system is carried out throughout the social assistance system. Every assistance project is up to the legal level, and the conditions for the recipients who have the ability to work in every working age want to be saved. The willingness of the industry is in a state of active search for work. While the qualification of recipients is strictly limited, the government provides a lot of help for the self-reliance of the recipients, through training, the development of personal development programs and other projects to increase the ability of the recipients to achieve self-reliance, and finally make it out of the poor. The advanced practice of foreign countries is the lessons learned from the continuous development and reform, which has played a certain reference for the self-supporting assistance of the urban poor in our country.
At the end of the article, through the analysis of the active exploration in our country and the reference of foreign advanced experience, some suggestions are put forward for the future self-supporting development of our country.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D632.1
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