选择性治理:精准扶贫中乡镇政权行动逻辑的组织分析

发布时间：2018-08-12 19:46

【摘要】：在农村社会主体缺位、村民组织化低下的条件下,乡镇政权在项目实施中往往会形成选择性治理的行动偏好,而乡村治理精英契合了这种偏好。通过构建乡镇政权、治理精英、村民三者间的行动逻辑的理论框架,可以发现精准扶贫中乡镇政权采取选择性的治理行动是源于以下几点:其一,村民主体缺位制约了乡村的扶贫项目承接能力,使得乡镇政权倾向于项目承接能力强的村庄;其二,在自上而下严格的绩效考核和控制下,乡镇政权为了完成考核任务无奈追求"短期效应",将资源投向短期能够产生效益的村庄;其三,在村民主体缺位、村庄组织化低下的境遇下,乡村治理精英参与乡村扶贫契合了乡镇政权追求政绩的偏好,成为乡镇政权确定扶贫项目流向的重要影响因素。最后,由于精英治理存在"精英俘获""不稳定性"等问题,乡镇政权在精准扶贫中应该积极转变过度依赖精英扶贫的理念,向培育社会组织、多元化扶贫主体转变。
[Abstract]:Under the condition of the absence of the main body of the rural society and the low organization of the villagers, the township government often forms a preference for selective governance in the implementation of the project, and the rural governance elite fits this preference. By constructing the theoretical framework of the logic of action among the township regime, the governing elite and the villagers, we can find that the selective governance actions taken by the township government in the precision poverty alleviation are derived from the following points: first, The absence of villagers' main body restricts the ability of rural poverty alleviation project undertaking, which makes the township government tend to the village with strong project undertaking ability; secondly, under the strict performance appraisal and control from top to bottom, In order to complete the assessment task, the township government has no choice but to pursue the "short-term effect" and devote its resources to villages that can produce short-term benefits. Thirdly, in the absence of the main body of the villagers and the low organization of the villages, the township government has no choice but to pursue the "short-term effect". The participation of village governance elites in rural poverty alleviation accords with the preference of the township government in pursuing political achievements and becomes an important influencing factor for the township government to determine the flow of poverty alleviation projects. Finally, because of the problems of "elite capture" and "instability" in elite governance, the township government should actively change the concept of relying on elite poverty alleviation to cultivate social organization and diversify the main body of poverty alleviation.
【作者单位】：中共江西省委党校《求实》编辑部;中共江西省委党校;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“农村基层干部的代际更替与乡村治理研究”(12JJD840013) 2016国家社会科学基金一般项目“社会治理创新与农村公益文化服务能力提升研究”(16BKS045) 2016年度全国党校系统重点课题“江西革命老区脱贫攻坚典型模式及启示”阶段性成果
【分类号】：D630

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