行政人员的伦理自主性及其实现路径研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 15:16

【摘要】：长期以来,行政人员的自主性被看作“恶”的源泉而被限制,伦理自主性作为自主性的一部分也随之被祛除。随着行政伦理学的发展,伦理自主性作为一种“善”,从自主性中分离出来,成为弥补法律缺陷和控制不力的实践对策。行政人员肩负忠于组织和服务公众的双重使命,若组织目标偏离或损害公共利益,行政人员必须发挥伦理自主性,反抗不道德的组织或上级,维护公共利益。但在行政实践中,行政人员的伦理自主性严重缺失,带来行政伦理失范、权力“自律”功能不足、公共治理职能弱化等消极影响。故而,研究行政人员的伦理自主性及其实现路径具有重要的价值和意义。目前学界对行政人员伦理自主性的直接研究比较少,缺乏对其基础理论的拓展深化,尚未梳理其发展历程、缺失表现和缺失原因等问题,提升途径的研究未形成完整的理论体系和明晰的对策框架。论文立足于研究现状,采用文献研究法、系统分析法和规范研究法,围绕“行政人员的伦理自主性及其实现路径”这一中心命题,沿着“诠释理论——提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路展开研究。行政人员伦理自主性以组织目标和公共利益发生矛盾为特定前提,以对公众负责为终极价值,内在本质是伦理判断、道德选择的权利和能力。它来源于行政自由裁量权,是人性发展的客观需要、公共行政的内在要求、行政责任的逻辑前提和行政冲突的破解之法。以行政学科史为维度,整体伦理自主性在四个行政范式中的发展历程是被摒弃压制、开始兴起、分离发展、全面深化;以道德发展阶段为维度,个体伦理自主性的发展层次分别是缺失层次、提升层次、最高层次。目前中国行政人员的伦理自主性严重缺失,具体表现为:自主意识丧失,完全依附组织;代理转换泛化,盲目服从权威;自主能力匮乏,常陷选择困境;伦理道德缺失,“应声虫”现象普遍。其原因在于传统行政文化的羁绊、科层组织结构的阻碍、相关制度机制不完善和行政人员素质的制约。在此基础上,构建行政人员伦理自主性的实现路径,通过完善制度伦理、转变传统行政观念、塑造组织文化以加强制度、文化的规范和引导作用;构建“扁平型”和“解制型”行政组织,助推伦理自主性;建立健全伦理监督、伦理问责、救济保护、道德奖惩、教育培训等保障机制;通过定位伦理角色、强化选择能力、升华伦理行为提升行政人员自身素质,内化伦理自主性。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the autonomy of administrative personnel has been restricted as a source of evil, and ethical autonomy as a part of autonomy has also been eliminated. With the development of administrative ethics, ethical autonomy, as a kind of "good", is separated from autonomy and becomes a practical countermeasure to remedy the defects of law and the lack of control. Administrators shoulder the dual mission of being loyal to the organization and serving the public. If the organizational goal deviates from or damages the public interest, the administrative staff must exert their ethical autonomy, resist the immoral organization or superior, and safeguard the public interest. However, in the administrative practice, the administrative staff's ethical autonomy is seriously lacking, which leads to the administrative ethics anomie, the lack of the function of "self-discipline" of power, the weakening of the public governance function, and so on. Therefore, it is of great value and significance to study the administrative staff's ethical autonomy and its realization path. At present, there are few direct studies on the ethical autonomy of administrative staff, lack of further development of its basic theory, and lack of combing its development course, the lack of performance and the reasons for the lack, and so on. The study of the way of promotion has not formed a complete theoretical system and a clear framework of countermeasures. Based on the status quo of the research, the paper adopts the literature research method, the system analysis method and the normative research method, and revolves around the central proposition of "the administrative staff's ethical autonomy and its realization path". The research is carried out along the train of thought of "hermeneutical theory-putting forward problems-analyzing problems-solving problems". The administrative staff's ethical autonomy is based on the contradiction between the organization goal and the public interest, and the ultimate value is the responsibility to the public. The intrinsic essence is the right and ability of ethical judgment and moral choice. It comes from the administrative discretion, which is the objective need of the development of human nature, the internal requirement of public administration, the logical premise of administrative responsibility and the law of breaking administrative conflict. Taking the history of administrative discipline as the dimension, the development course of the whole ethical autonomy in the four administrative paradigms is to be abandoned and suppressed, to rise, to separate and develop, to deepen in an all-round way, and to take the stage of moral development as the dimension. The development level of individual ethical autonomy is the missing level, the promotion level and the highest level. At present, the ethical autonomy of Chinese administrative personnel is seriously lacking, which is manifested as: loss of autonomy consciousness, complete attachment to organization, generalization of agency transformation, blind submission to authority, lack of autonomy, frequent dilemma of choice, lack of ethics and morality, The phenomenon of "response sound bug" is common. The reasons lie in the fetters of the traditional administrative culture, the obstruction of the administrative structure, the imperfection of the relevant system and the restriction of the quality of the administrative staff. On this basis, we should construct the way to realize the ethical autonomy of the administrative staff, change the traditional administrative concept, and shape the organizational culture to strengthen the regulation and guidance of the institution and culture by perfecting the institutional ethics; Construct "flat" and "deconstructed" administrative organizations to promote ethical autonomy, establish and improve ethical supervision, ethical accountability, relief protection, moral rewards and punishments, education and training, etc. The sublimation ethics behavior enhances the administrative staff own quality, internalizes the ethics autonomy.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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