中国市制问题刍议

发布时间：2018-11-01 11:51

【摘要】：行政区划是一个国家的基本大政之一,中国历朝历代都十分重视行政区划问题,中国文明的开端便是从“禹划九州”开始。但是在传统中国农业文明状态下,行政区划主要以广域型区划为主。虽然中国也是世界上最早出现城市的国家之一,而且曾经达到很高的程度,但是古代中国的城市主要是政治重心和贸易中心,以统治者对城乡广域领土的统辖与控制为主要方式。现代意义上城市建制是从20世纪初开始的,中华民国期间,市建制便获得了一定的发展,新中国建国初期继承了中华民国的建制遗产。在经典社会主义建设时期,受计划经济的影响,市建制便由点建制发展成为一种广域型行政建制。改革开放以后借助于政府机构改革和行政建制调整,市建制迅速发展成为行政建制的一个很重要的一级。市建制囊括了几乎所有的地方行政建制层次。本文梳理了古代中国城市的起源和发展进程,分析了中国市制存在的主要问题以及对政府职能的影响,剖析了引发中国市制问题的原因,提出了市制改革的基本建议,阐释了市制建设时期中国特殊的历史背景和经济基础。提出了市制建设应该遵循国际惯例,注重广域型建制与城镇型建制的区分;以市场经济为导向,以提供公共产品和公共服务为城市政府的基本职能;在行政建制上实行“城乡分治”,遵循城乡不同特征,走不同的发展路径;不论行政建制的设置,还是政府职能的区分均应走依宪执政、依法执政的法治道路。中国的市制改革已经刻不容缓。
[Abstract]:Administrative division is one of the basic policies of a country, Chinese successive dynasties attach great importance to the issue of administrative division, and the beginning of Chinese civilization begins with "Yu delimiting Kyushu". However, in the traditional Chinese agricultural civilization, the administrative division is mainly based on wide-area regionalization. Although China was also one of the earliest cities in the world and had reached a very high level, the cities of ancient China were mainly political centers of gravity and trade centers. To the ruler of urban and rural areas of territory and control as the main way. In the modern sense, the urban system began from the beginning of the 20th century. During the period of the Republic of China, the municipal system was developed to a certain extent, and in the early stage of the founding of the people's Republic of China, it inherited the organizational heritage of the Republic of China. In the period of classical socialist construction, under the influence of planned economy, the municipal system developed from the point system to a wide area administrative system. After the reform and opening up, with the help of the reform of government institutions and the adjustment of administrative system, the municipal system has developed rapidly into an important level of the administrative system. The municipal system includes almost all the local administrative systems. This paper combs the origin and development process of ancient Chinese cities, analyzes the main problems existing in the Chinese market system and its influence on the government functions, analyzes the causes that cause the problems of the Chinese market system, and puts forward the basic suggestions for the reform of the market system. It explains the special historical background and economic basis of China during the construction of market system. The author points out that the construction of the city system should follow the international practice, pay attention to the distinction between the wide area system and the town type system, take the market economy as the direction, and take the provision of public goods and public services as the basic function of the city government. The administrative system should be divided into urban and rural areas, follow the different characteristics of urban and rural areas, and take different paths of development; regardless of the establishment of administrative systems or the differentiation of government functions, we should follow the rule of law road of ruling by the constitution and rule by law. China's market system reform has become urgent.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

【参考文献】