我国非政府组织参与公共政策制定研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 18:21

【摘要】：随着公民社会与非政府组织的发展,非政府组织越来越要求参与公共政策制定过程,它们运用各种方式和途径影响公共政策制定。政府不再是公共政策制定的唯一主体,公民个人倾向于选择以组织的形式表达自身的利益诉求,非政府组织表达公众利益参与政府政策制定已成为社会发展的必然。公共政策参与主体向多元化发展,有利于弥补政府作为唯一决策主体的局限,有利于增进公共政策的科学性、民主性。目前我国非政府组织能有效参与到公共政策过程中的数量偏少,政策参与的程度普遍偏低,非政府组织在公共政策过程中的作用还未被得到充分重视。我国关于非政府组织参与公共政策制定的法律环境不完善,非政府组织参与公共政策制定能够利用的方式比较单一,同时我国政府受传统观念的限制,不能主动地将有关公共政策制定过程的信息全部公开等方面都给非政府组织参与公共政策制定带来困扰。当然,非政府组织自身的资金资源有限、人力资源有限、独立性欠缺、主动参与意识不强、参与政策能力不足等也制约其政策参与。这几个方面是我国非政府组织参与公共政策制定存在的问题。文章主体分为四个部分。第一部分概念界定和理论基础的阐释了。首先阐述了非政府组织及非政府组织参与公共政策制定的相关概念。然后,介绍了非政府组织参与公共政策制定的理论基础,重点阐述了政府、市场失灵理论；公民社会理论和民主协商理论,为非政府组织参与公共政策制定提供理论支撑。第二部分我国非政府组织在公共政策制定中的作用。首先说明非政府组织参与公共政策制定的方式和途径。然后以“自然之友”参与公共政策制定的典型案例介绍了非政府组织在公共政策制定中的作用。最后阐述了非政府组织参与公共政策制定的意义与可行性。第三部分从政府、非政府组织和社会环境三个方面指出我国非政府组织参与公共政策制定存在的问题。第四部分提出了完善我国非政府组织参与公共政策制定的几点基本对策。即完善非政府组织参与公共政策制定的外部环境；加强政府对非政府组织参与公共政策制定的支持；完善非政府组织参与公共政策制定的自身因素等。
[Abstract]:With the development of civil society and non-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly required to participate in the process of public policy making, and they use various ways and means to influence the formulation of public policies. The government is no longer the only subject of public policy making, the individual citizens tend to express their interests in the form of organization, and non-governmental organizations to express the public interests to participate in the formulation of government policies has become the inevitable trend of social development. The pluralistic development of the public policy participation subject is helpful to make up for the limitation of the government as the sole decision-making subject and to promote the scientific and democratic nature of the public policy. At present, the number of NGOs can effectively participate in the process of public policy is on the low side, the degree of policy participation is generally low, and the role of NGOs in the process of public policy has not been fully paid attention to. The legal environment for the participation of non-governmental organizations in the formulation of public policies in China is not perfect, and the way in which non-governmental organizations can participate in the formulation of public policies is relatively simple, while the government of our country is restricted by traditional concepts. It is difficult for NGOs to participate in the process of public policy making. Of course, non-governmental organizations own limited financial resources, limited human resources, lack of independence, not strong awareness of active participation, insufficient ability to participate in the policy and so on restrict their policy participation. These aspects are the problems existing in the participation of NGOs in public policy making. The main body of the article is divided into four parts. The first part defines the concept and explains the theoretical basis. Firstly, this paper expounds the related concepts of NGOs and their participation in public policy making. Then, it introduces the theoretical basis of NGOs' participation in public policy formulation, focusing on the theory of government and market failure, civil society theory and democratic consultation theory, which provides theoretical support for NGOs to participate in public policy formulation. The second part is the role of NGOs in public policy making. First of all, it describes the ways and means for NGOs to participate in public policy making. Then it introduces the role of NGOs in public policy making with the typical case of "Friends of Nature" participation in public policy making. Finally, the significance and feasibility of NGO participation in public policy formulation are expounded. The third part points out the problems existing in the participation of NGOs in public policy making from three aspects: government, NGO and social environment. The fourth part puts forward some basic countermeasures to improve the participation of NGOs in public policy making. That is, to perfect the external environment in which non-governmental organizations participate in public policy formulation; to strengthen the government's support for non-governmental organizations to participate in public policy formulation; and to perfect the factors of non-governmental organizations participating in public policy formulation and so on.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.9;D63

【参考文献】