传统中国的县域治理及其近代嬗变

发布时间：2018-11-14 19:46

【摘要】：县域治理是国家治理体系的基石。在传统中国,郡县制度乃是两千余年帝国治理体制的主干,构成帝国地方政制的基本型态,赋予县制及其治理活动以特有的功能样式,蕴涵着普遍性的规则之治与特殊性的乡土之治内在相连、有机互动的社会价值取向。县政乃是中央集权制国家辖区范围内的基层政区,是国家政权与基层社会相连接的枢纽。中央集权制的国家治理准则规制着县域治理活动的基本态势,由此形成一体多层的县域治理结构;绅士阶层借助于礼治的价值规范系统,在相当程度上实现了国法与乡俗的有效连接。随着近代中国的国家转型发展,县域治理亦处在一个深刻的历史嬗变过程之中。中国国家权力向基层社会广泛渗透,逐步从法律意义上确立了县乡行政治理系统;近代地方自治改革运动的兴起,加剧了县域治理过程中官治与自治之间的紧张与冲突;地方绅士日益广泛地制度化地参与基层公共事务管理过程,构建了一个"官绅合治"的县域治理体系,从而为近代中国绅士阶层的分化与消失创造了条件。
[Abstract]:County governance is the cornerstone of the national governance system. In traditional China, the system of prefectures and counties is the backbone of the system of imperial governance for more than 2,000 years. It constitutes the basic form of the local political system of the empire, and endows the system of counties and its administrative activities with a unique functional style. The social value orientation of organic interaction between the governance of local land and the rule of universality. County government is the grass-roots administrative district within the scope of centralized state jurisdiction, and is the hub of state power and grass-roots society. The central system of national governance rules and regulations the basic situation of county governance activities, thus forming a multi-layer county governance structure; With the help of the value standard system of the rule of etiquette, the gentry class realized the effective connection between the national law and the local custom to a certain extent. With the development of modern China's national transformation, county governance is also in a profound process of historical evolution. China's state power has penetrated into the grass-roots society and gradually established the county and township administrative governance system in the sense of law, and the rise of the local autonomy reform movement in modern times has intensified the tension and conflict between government and autonomy in the process of county governance. The local gentlemen took part in the management process of public affairs at the grass-roots level more and more extensively, and constructed a county governance system of "officials and gentry ruling together", thus creating the conditions for the division and disappearance of the gentry stratum in modern China.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学法学院;中国法治现代化研究院;江苏高校区域法治发展协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“当代中国区域法治发展的理论和实践研究”(项目号:14AFX001)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D638

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