新准则下上市公司资产减值计提行为实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 10:00

本文关键词： 资产减值新资产减值准则计提行为金融危机　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为抑制上市公司利用资产减值的计提与转回进行盈余管理,2006年,财政部颁布新资产减值准则。新准则第十七条明确规定：“资产减值损失一经确认,在以后会计期间不得转回”,这一规定同原有企业会计制度以及国际会计准则均存在较大不同。同时,2008年,始于美国的金融危机爆发,严重影响我国制造行业的发展,可以预计,上市公司将大量计提减值准备。这一特殊制度及时代背景,为研究上市公司的减值计提行为,新准则的实施能否达到预期效果提供了良好的契机。本文对沪市A股制造行业2007-2010年上市公司资产减值计提情况进行实证研究,分析金融危机背景下,新准则实施后上市公司资产减值计提行为。样本描述统计分析显示,各年度上市公司资产减值计提情况存在差异,2008和2009年流动资产减值计提金额和长期资产减值计提金额均明显大于2007和2010年,方差分析的结果证实这一差异是显著的；同时,对各年度上市公司分盈利和亏损两种类型进行描述统计,结果显示当年度亏损的上市公司中计提减值的企业比例数目明显大于当年度盈利上市公司中计提减值的比例,独立样本T检验证实这一差异显著存在。将影响减值计提的经济因素和盈余管理因素分别对长期资产减值计提比和流动资产减值计提比做回归分析,进一步分析上市公司减值计提的行为特征。回归结果显示,长期资产减值计提同三大盈余管理动机(大清洗、扭亏为盈、管理层变更)不存在显著相关性,长期资产减值的计提是企业资产减值毁损的真实体现：对流动资产减值计提的回归结果显示,亏损上市公司存在利用流动资产减值计提进行大清洗的行为。实证结果表明,新准则的实施一定程度上有效抑制了上市公司利用长期资产减值进行盈余操纵的行为,但是,上市公司仍然存在利用流动资产减值的计提进行大清洗的行为,新准则并没有堵住上市公司盈余操纵的所有缺口。结合实证检验结果,本文认为企业会计准则作为一种强制性制度,虽然在一定程度上能够起到规范会计工作的作用,但是,作为一种外部制约机制,只能从技术层面上对企业行为进行规范,并且,单纯为达到监管目的而制定的一些措施缺乏理论支持。真正解决资产减值问题,应该更多的从企业角度出发,从完善企业资产减值内控制度,提高上市公司会计人员综合素质,加强以独立第三方审计为中心的外部监管,改进上市公司监管机制,完善企业业绩测评体系等方面进行入手,从意愿上、能力上提高企业真实、准确进行减值处理的能力,提高减值信息对决策者的信息相关性。
[Abstract]:In 2006, the Ministry of Finance issued the new asset impairment guidelines. The new guideline 17th clearly stipulates: "assets impairment loss once confirmed." in order to prevent listed companies from using the impairment of assets to carry out earnings management, the Ministry of Finance issued new guidelines for impairment of assets in 2006. This provision is quite different from the original enterprise accounting system and international accounting standards. At the same time, in 2008, the financial crisis that began in the United States broke out. Seriously affecting the development of the manufacturing industry in China, it can be expected that listed companies will make a large number of impairment provisions. This special system and background of the times, for the study of listed companies impairment behavior. Whether the implementation of the new standards can achieve the desired results provides a good opportunity. This paper makes an empirical study on the impairment of assets of listed companies in Shanghai A-share manufacturing industry from 2007 to 2010, and analyzes the financial crisis. The statistical analysis of sample description shows that there are differences in asset impairment of listed companies in each year. In 2008 and 2009, the amount of impairment of current assets and the amount of impairment of long-term assets were significantly larger than those of 2007 and 2010, and the results of variance analysis confirmed that the difference was significant. At the same time, the two types of profit and loss of listed companies in each year are described and counted. The results show that the proportion of listed companies with impairment in the year of loss is obviously larger than that of the listed companies in the year of profit. Independent sample T test confirmed that this difference exists significantly. The economic factors and earnings management factors which affect impairment and withdrawal are regression analysis of long-term assets impairment ratio and current assets impairment ratio respectively. The regression results show that there is no significant correlation between long-term asset impairment and earnings management motivation (big cleaning, turning losses into profits, management change). The impairment of long-term assets is the true embodiment of the impairment of enterprise assets: the regression results of the impairment of current assets show. Loss listed companies have the behavior of using impairment of current assets to clean. The empirical results show that. To a certain extent, the implementation of the new standards effectively inhibits the listed companies from using long-term assets impairment to manipulate earnings. However, the listed companies still have the behavior of using the impairment of current assets to carry out large-scale cleaning. The new guidelines do not plug all gaps in earnings manipulation by listed companies. Combined with the empirical test results, this paper believes that the enterprise accounting standards as a mandatory system, although to a certain extent can play a role in regulating accounting work, but as an external constraint mechanism. Only from the technical level to regulate the behavior of enterprises, and purely for the purpose of regulatory measures formulated for the lack of theoretical support. Real solutions to the problem of asset impairment, should be more from the perspective of the enterprise. From perfecting the internal control system of enterprise assets impairment, improving the comprehensive quality of accountants of listed companies, strengthening the external supervision with independent third party audit as the center, and improving the supervision mechanism of listed companies. In order to improve the enterprise performance evaluation system and improve the enterprise's real ability and the ability to deal with the impairment accurately, the relevance of the impairment information to the decision makers is improved.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F233;F832.51;F224

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