中国碳金融基础运行机制问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 13:18

本文选题：碳金融　切入点：基础机制　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在过去几个世纪里，由英国的工业革命开始，科学技术突飞猛进，人类创造的财富比过去所有时代世界财富的总和还多。科技极大地改变了人们的生活方式，给人们带来了前所未有的便利。但同时，，科学技术所支撑的工业快速膨胀的过程中排放了各种污染物和太多的二氧化碳，带来了严重的环境问题，水污染、大气污染、土地污染、生态恶化、气候异常、全球变暖等等。其中，气候变化全球变暖是最近一个时期全球最为关注的话题。基于共同减排的愿望，世界很多国家联合起来，在联合国的号召下，通过谈判缔结了《联合国气候变化公约》，随后《京都议定书》的签订，很多国家都按一定比例承担了减排义务，碳排放总量的限定使得二氧化碳排放权（以下简称碳排放权）成为一种稀缺资源，进而催生出了一个以碳排放权交易为中心的“碳交易市场”。中国是碳减排活动的积极参与者，在《京都议定书》规定的第一减排阶段并不承担减排义务，但中国依然提出了到2020年温室气体排放比2005年下降40%-45%的减排目标。目前我国参与国际碳交易市场主要通过CDM（清洁发展机制）项目，我国还没有建立自己的碳排放权交易体系，因此并没有参与到国际碳排放权交易市场中。我国已成为世界上碳排放量最大的国家，虽然暂时没有减排义务，但是后期减排义务的压力就会加大，我国极有可能从CERs（经核证的减排量Certified Emission Reductions， CERs）的净出口国转变为净进口国，这甚至会成为我国经济发展的瓶颈。因此我国必须为加入国际碳交易市场作好准备，而加入国际市场的前提是我们自己必须建立自己的碳交易市场，否则一是缺乏运行碳交易市场的经验，二是没有碳交易市场的基础机制，三是在国际碳竞争中处于弱势。所以我国一定要先建立国内的碳交易市场，完善市场机制，积累碳金融经验，然后才有加入国际市场的资本和底气。要想建立一个市场，必须要有完善的基础机制来支持它的运行。碳金融的基础机制主要包括：法律法规、总量控制机制、配额确定机制、交易机制、定价机制、监管机制、惩罚机制、柔性调整机制等。本文详细分析碳金融基础机制的内容，着重研究世界几大碳排放权交易市场的运行机制，结合我国当前碳交易试点的情况，分析我国当前建立碳金融市场存在的问题，最后提出我国构建碳金融市场的基础机制。
[Abstract]:In the last few centuries, when Britain's industrial revolution began, science and technology advanced by leaps and bounds, and human beings created more wealth than the world's wealth in the past combined. Technology has dramatically changed the way people live. But at the same time, the rapid expansion of industry supported by science and technology emits a variety of pollutants and too much carbon dioxide, brings serious environmental problems, water pollution, air pollution, Land pollution, ecological deterioration, climate anomalies, global warming, and so on. Based on the desire to reduce emissions jointly, many countries of the world joined forces and, at the call of the United Nations, negotiated and concluded the United Nations Convention on Climate change, followed by the signing of the Kyoto Protocol. Many countries have taken on the obligation to reduce emissions by a certain proportion, and the limit of the total amount of carbon emissions has made carbon dioxide emission rights (hereinafter referred to as carbon emission rights) a scarce resource. China is an active participant in carbon abatement activities and does not undertake emission reduction obligations in the first phase of the Kyoto Protocol. However, China has still set a target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40% to 45% by 2020 compared with 2005. At present, China participates in the international carbon trading market mainly through the CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) project, and China has not yet established its own carbon emissions trading system. China has become the largest carbon emitter in the world. Although there is no emission reduction obligation for the time being, the pressure of emission reduction obligations will increase in the later period. It is very likely that our country will change from a net exporter of CERs (Certified Emission reductions) to a net importer, which will even become a bottleneck in our economic development. Therefore, we must prepare for joining the international carbon trading market. And the premise of joining the international market is that we must establish our own carbon trading market. Otherwise, we lack the experience to run the carbon trading market, and there is no basic mechanism for the carbon trading market. Therefore, our country must first establish the domestic carbon trading market, perfect the market mechanism, accumulate the carbon finance experience, and then have the capital and the base to join the international market. In order to establish a market, we must have a sound basic mechanism to support its operation. The basic mechanisms of carbon finance mainly include: laws and regulations, total amount control mechanism, quota determination mechanism, trading mechanism, pricing mechanism, regulatory mechanism. Punishment mechanism, flexible adjustment mechanism and so on. This paper analyzes the content of carbon finance basic mechanism in detail, focuses on the operation mechanism of several major carbon emission trading markets in the world, and combines the current situation of carbon trading pilot in our country. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the establishment of carbon finance market in China, and finally puts forward the basic mechanism for the construction of carbon finance market in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.5

【共引文献】