孔子“行有余力，则以学文”的教化哲学思想研究
发布时间：2018-02-11 05:45
本文关键词： 孔子 行 学文 教化 出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文 论文类型：学位论文
【摘要】：儒家的哲学,即教化的哲学,教人在现实的生命历程中实现人生的意义,实现人的价值,成为一个真正意义上的人。教化的根本在于教人为仁、体仁,即做人。“行有余力,则以学文”蕴含着孔子的教化哲学思想,体现着儒家的本末思想,即“行有余力”与“学文”是本末关系。儒家重“行”、重体验,因为生命的意义必须在“行”中实现,“仁”理想的完成也必须付诸于实践。儒家认为人身边最切近、最真切的体验就是“孝”,所以儒家强调“孝悌为为仁之本”。但同时儒家也重视知识的学习,知识的学习统一于做人当中,学知识也是为了做人,如此,“行”与“学文”实是一体两面的关系。《论语·学而》第六章子曰:“弟子入则孝,出则弟,谨而信,泛爱众,而亲仁。行有余力,则以学文。”其意是教儿童先行人伦之事,再学书本知识。可孔子之意是要每个人每天都要先做好该做的事,再“学文”。行有余则学文,学有余则行。此章不仅蕴含着孔子对“行有余力”与“学文”关系的理解,而且富含孔子的教化哲学思想,即教育的根本在于使一个人成为人,成为一个真正意义上的人,实现生命的意义与价值。本文从解读“行有余力,则以学文”出发而剥离出“行”与“学文”的关系及其所蕴涵的孔子的教化哲学思想,主要写作思路有五点:第一部分从学术史的角度梳理“行有余力,则以学文”的历代经典释义,从而探寻其中的哲理内涵。“行有余力”与“学文”是本末关系,以“行”为本,“学文”为末,但本末还是一体、统一的关系。所以,知识之学也很重要,日常生活中,教育学生要言行合一、知行一致,行中学、做中学。第二部分主要论及“行有余力”的学理依据,即孔子“仁”的思想。“仁”是孔子思想的核心,孔子的学说可以称为“仁说”。孔子“仁”的提出是由对“礼”的阐释而得出来的,“礼”内向化发展,把“礼”的根本内化为“仁”。“仁”是人之为人的根本,也是教化的根据所在,要在“礼”的践履中体验“仁”的意义,即在生命实践中、在日常生活中体验生命、人之为人的根本的意义,即“仁”是一种道德化的情感体认,必须通过实践来实现。第三部分重在阐明“仁”的实践。“仁”是一种道德化的情感体认,因而“仁”具有实践意义。子曰:“仁者爱人。”(《论语·颜渊》)“爱人”是一种情,而人身边最真切的情是亲情,所以“爱人”应从亲人出发。儒家讲求的爱是有差等的爱,是泛爱,从中心出发而爱众,即从亲人出发而爱他人。所以,为仁、体仁要从亲亲出发,从孝悌做起,孝悌乃为仁之本。第四部分对“行有余力”与“学文”的关系进行分析,着重强调“学文”的深层意义——即“学文”同样蕴含在“行”当中,与“行有余力”是本末一体的关系。第五部分将“行有余力,则以学文”中蕴涵的孔子的教化哲学思想与当下的教育问题联系起来。儒家的学问是关于意义的学问,教人意义感,弥补当今人空虚的心灵与生活,使人重视自己及他人生命、尊重生命,从而在人生当中充分彰显其生命、生活的意义,成为一个人。
[Abstract]:The Confucian philosophy, namely education philosophy, teaching people to realize their life in life in the reality of the significance of realizing the value of man, to become a real person. Education lies in teaching human benevolence, benevolence, namely the person. "With spare effort to learn," contains the enlightenment philosophy of Confucius that embodies the Confucian thought of "ins and outs, with spare effort" and "study" is the relationship of Confucian "line", because the meaning of life experience, must be implemented in the "line", "benevolence" ideal finish must be put into practice. The Confucian view that people around the closest and most sincere the experience is "filial piety", so the Confucian emphasis on filial piety for the benevolence ". But at the same time, Confucianism also attaches great importance to knowledge learning, knowledge and learning are unified in the life, but also to learn knowledge in life, so," something relationship "and" study "is one of the two sides. Confucian Analects > sixth chapter of Confucius: "disciples into the filial piety, is a brother, I believe, love, and benevolence. With spare effort to learn,". Its meaning is to teach children to human things, to learn knowledge from books. But Confucius is intended to everyone every day to do this, then the "study". The line is more, with more than Zehang. This chapter not only contains Confucius's understanding of the relationship between "with spare effort" and "learning", and the enlightenment philosophy is rich in the thought of Confucius, that is the root of education is to make a person become a man, a a real person, realize the meaning and value of life. This article from the interpretation of "with spare effort to learn," and starting to peel off "educational philosophy relations" and "Literature" and its implication for Confucius, the main idea of writing has five points: the first part from the perspective of academic history "it is with spare effort. 浠ュ鏂団，
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