惩罚的伦理学辩护与教育建构

发布时间：2018-08-19 20:35

【摘要】：惩罚是指对个人或集体所进行的合法戒责,旨在制止某种行为的发生。对于惩罚,当前主要存在三种视角的辩护。回报论(应得论)认为惩罚可以矫正因过错而导致的不平衡;结果论(功利主义理论)认为惩罚可以对犯有过错的人及其他人形成威慑,使其学会为自己的行为负责;赔偿论(补偿受害者的理论)则认为只有惩罚可以有助于赔偿受害人,实现公正。三种理论的分析都能某种程度上为惩罚辩护,但均存在一定的局限和弊端。在当前的学校语境中,教育者应该在尊重学生人格的基础上,综合考虑三种观点,追求惩罚的正当性和教育性。
[Abstract]:Punishment refers to the legal punishment of individuals or groups, aimed at stopping the occurrence of certain acts. For punishment, there are three main perspectives of defense. According to the theory of retribution, punishment can correct the imbalance caused by fault, and the theory of result (utilitarianism) holds that punishment can act as a deterrent to the wrongdoer and others, and make them learn to be responsible for their own actions. The theory of compensation (the theory of compensating victims) that only punishment can help to compensate victims and achieve justice. The analysis of the three theories can defend punishment to some extent, but there are some limitations and drawbacks. In the current school context, educators should consider three views comprehensively on the basis of respecting students' personality and pursue the legitimacy and education of punishment.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学教育学部;
【分类号】：G40-059.1

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