先验的社会性与家国认同——初级社会化的现象学考察

发布时间：2019-03-14 12:58

【摘要】：先验的善意帮助个人在这个世界立足,也帮助他们重新认识这个世界,体味人世中平凡事件的意义。正是这种先验善意帮助我们在自我和不断后退的物自体之间建构了家、家乡和祖国。这种原初的家国认同本身不是一种深思熟虑的产物,而是对意义的直观。初级社会化过程就在有着这样一种精神氛围的初级群体中展开,其核心并不是让儿童接受世俗的知识观念与社会规范,而是建构人们的自我观念、家国观念乃至其他基础性的道德观念,并引导儿童借助先验的善意参与亲密关系共同体的再造。随着原初的主体间际的世界不断分化为一种差序结构乃至等级制的社会,或者不断分化为一种以社会分工为基础的多元化的松散体系,现实的家国认同问题日益突出。但王朝社会的家国认同经常只能在一个存在实质性善意的非常有限的圈子内进行,真正的国民只限于统治者自身及其家臣。现代教育有能力在国民之间建构某种公共的国家想象,人们凭此可以相互慰藉和取暖。但只有凭借形式理性或宪政秩序,人们才可能成为现实的民族国家的真正国民。涂尔干理论的不足,就在它不相信个人借助先验的社会性与世俗经验觉知世界的能力和社会本身的符号性质,总是片面强调道德实在、道德科学和道德教育。
[Abstract]:Transcendental goodwill helps individuals gain a foothold in the world, and helps them re-understand the world and appreciate the significance of ordinary events in the world. It is this priori goodwill that helps us build homes, homelands, and homelands between ourselves and the retreating self. This original family-country identity is not a deliberate product in itself, but an intuitive view of meaning. The process of primary socialization is carried out in the primary group with such a spiritual atmosphere. The core of the process is not to let children accept secular knowledge and social norms, but to construct people's self-concept. Family concept and other basic moral concepts, and lead children to participate in the reconstruction of intimate community with prior goodwill. As the world between the original subjects has been divided into a kind of differential order structure and even a hierarchical society, or into a diversified loose system based on social division of labor, the real problem of family-country identification has become more and more prominent. However, the family-state identity of dynastic society can often be carried out only in a very limited circle with substantial goodwill, and the true citizens are limited to the rulers themselves and their courtiers. Modern education has the ability to construct some kind of public national imagination among the people so that people can comfort and warm each other. But only by virtue of formal rationality or constitutional order can people become real nationals of a realistic nation-state. The deficiency of Durkheim's theory is that it does not believe in the ability of individuals to perceive the world by means of prior social and secular experience and the symbolic nature of society itself. It always emphasizes one-sided moral reality, moral science and moral education.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学教育学部;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目2008年度重点项目“知识输入还是制度重建:公立学校制度变革的中国道路” 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金2010年度重点资助项目“文化视野中的学校、教师与学生:教育中的再生产机制再审视” 2013年度教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目“三种教育学的定位、意义与相互关系研究”共同资助
【分类号】：G40-052

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