论《道德经》中“道”的层次性对学校德育目标分层的启示
发布时间：2019-06-04 05:51
【摘要】：《道德经》是我国古代哲学家老子的著述。可以说是道家文化的集大成(者),更是中国哲学的开端。其内涵丰富,言语精炼。全文虽仅有五千言,却尽含治国,修身等诸多文化精髓。而纵观《道德经》全文,可以看到“道”这一核心概念范畴是贯穿了文章始终的。老子在《道德经》中关于“道”的观点具有多结构性和多层次性。因此,学者们对于“道”的理解也是仁者见仁,智者见智。但是,至少有一个观点是受到古今中外学者的普遍认同的。那就是“道”是道家文化中人们追求道德修养的制高点。而我国学校道德教育的理想目标是培养学生成为具有共产主义奉献精神的至圣、至善的人。因此从某种意义上说,二者具有一致性。而“道”的观念中“生而弗有,为而弗恃,长而不宰”。要“知常容”、“利而不害”等对得“道”之圣人的要求,也与我国学校德育目标对学生最终要求紧密契合。但是,我国学校的德育目标在经过多个时期的系统改革之后,虽然有很大改善,但是除了学校德育目标内容设定不够完善以外,教育本身所具有的滞后性特征也使得学校德育目标始终难以摆脱实效性差的诟病。这就要求必须要对学校德育目标进行分层,因为只有多层次德育目标的设定,才能对德育目标进行多重阶段检测,并通过提高德育目标的层级序列性来促进学校德育的实效性。因此,深入分析《道德经》中“道”的德性层次划分,将其充分运用到学校德育目标层次设定的过程当中。努力为学校德育目标的序列性层次划分提供借鉴。本研究将重点分析《道德经》中关于“道”的内在结构及其德性层次的划分,尽力根据对《道德经》原文内容的理解还原老子关于“道”的本来思想,及其内在层次性。在了解当代我国学校德育目标现存问题的基础上,找到德育目标层次划分与“道”的德性层次划分的契合点。从而为学校德育目标的层次划分提供合理性建议。为提高学校德育目标的实效性提供一定程度的有效借鉴。基于此,本研究坚持理论联系实际,重点运用历史文献法及文献分析法对相关问题进行分析。首先,以高明著《帛书老子校注》为原本,并结合现代学者关于《道德经》的不同著述,在尽力还原《道德经》原文的基础上,从德性分析的角度分析“道”的内涵及其层次的划分。挖掘“道”的不同德性层次分别具有的内涵与特征及其相互之间的内在关联性。其次,从实际出发,在分析当代我国学校德育目标客观分层的基础上,针对德育目标的学段分层分析各个学段德育目标内容的设定,归纳德育目标学段分层的现存问题。最后,根据学校德育目标设定的多重依据及《道德经》中“道”的德性层次划分提供的借鉴,针对学校德育目标的学段分层提供合理化建议。
[Abstract]:The Book of morality is the work of Lao Zi, an ancient philosopher in China. It can be said to be the collection of Taoist culture, but also the beginning of Chinese philosophy. Its connotation is rich, the speech is refined. Although the full text has only five thousand words, it contains the essence of many cultures, such as governing the country, self-cultivation and so on. Throughout the full text of the moral Sutra, we can see that the core concept category of Tao runs through the whole article. Laozi's view on Tao in the Book of morality is multi-structural and multi-level. Therefore, scholars' understanding of Tao is also from the point of view of benevolence, and from the wise to wisdom. However, at least one point of view is generally accepted by scholars at all times and in all over the world. That is, Tao is the commanding point for people to pursue moral cultivation in Taoist culture. The ideal goal of school moral education in our country is to train students to become the most holy and good people with communist dedication. Therefore, in a sense, the two are consistent. In the concept of Tao, "born and fattened, long but not slaughtered." The requirements of "knowing the common face" and "profit without harming" on the saints of "Tao" are also closely in line with the ultimate requirements of the goal of moral education in our country for students. However, after many periods of systematic reform, the goal of moral education in schools in our country has been greatly improved, but in addition to the setting of the content of moral education objectives in schools is not perfect. The lag characteristics of education itself make it difficult to get rid of the criticism of poor effectiveness of school moral education goals. This requires that the goal of school moral education must be layered, because only by setting the goal of multi-level moral education can we detect the goal of moral education in multiple stages and promote the effectiveness of moral education by improving the hierarchical sequence of moral education objectives. Therefore, the moral hierarchy of Tao in the Book of morality is deeply analyzed and fully applied to the process of setting the goal level of moral education in schools. Strive to provide reference for the sequential division of school moral education objectives. This study will focus on the analysis of the internal structure of Tao and the division of its moral levels in the Book of morality, and try its best to restore Laozi's original thought on Tao and its internal hierarchy according to the understanding of the original content of the Book of morality. On the basis of understanding the existing problems of the goal of moral education in contemporary schools in our country, this paper finds out the coincidence point between the division of the goal level of moral education and the division of moral level of "Tao". In order to provide reasonable suggestions for the hierarchical division of school moral education objectives. In order to improve the effectiveness of the goal of moral education in schools to provide a certain degree of effective reference. Based on this, this study adheres to the combination of theory and practice, focusing on the use of historical literature and literature analysis to analyze the related issues. First of all, based on the brilliant book Laozi's Notes on Silk, and combined with the different works of modern scholars on the Book of morality, on the basis of trying to restore the original text of the Book of morality, From the point of view of moral analysis, this paper analyzes the connotation of Tao and the division of its levels. Excavate the connotation and characteristics of different moral levels of Tao and the internal relationship between them. Secondly, based on the analysis of the objective stratification of school moral education goal in contemporary China, this paper analyzes the setting of moral education goal content in each section according to the stratification of moral education goal, and sums up the existing problems of moral education goal stratification. Finally, according to the multiple basis of the goal of school moral education and the reference provided by the division of moral levels of Tao in the Book of morality, this paper provides reasonable suggestions for the stratification of the goal of moral education in schools.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G410
本文编号：2492519
[Abstract]:The Book of morality is the work of Lao Zi, an ancient philosopher in China. It can be said to be the collection of Taoist culture, but also the beginning of Chinese philosophy. Its connotation is rich, the speech is refined. Although the full text has only five thousand words, it contains the essence of many cultures, such as governing the country, self-cultivation and so on. Throughout the full text of the moral Sutra, we can see that the core concept category of Tao runs through the whole article. Laozi's view on Tao in the Book of morality is multi-structural and multi-level. Therefore, scholars' understanding of Tao is also from the point of view of benevolence, and from the wise to wisdom. However, at least one point of view is generally accepted by scholars at all times and in all over the world. That is, Tao is the commanding point for people to pursue moral cultivation in Taoist culture. The ideal goal of school moral education in our country is to train students to become the most holy and good people with communist dedication. Therefore, in a sense, the two are consistent. In the concept of Tao, "born and fattened, long but not slaughtered." The requirements of "knowing the common face" and "profit without harming" on the saints of "Tao" are also closely in line with the ultimate requirements of the goal of moral education in our country for students. However, after many periods of systematic reform, the goal of moral education in schools in our country has been greatly improved, but in addition to the setting of the content of moral education objectives in schools is not perfect. The lag characteristics of education itself make it difficult to get rid of the criticism of poor effectiveness of school moral education goals. This requires that the goal of school moral education must be layered, because only by setting the goal of multi-level moral education can we detect the goal of moral education in multiple stages and promote the effectiveness of moral education by improving the hierarchical sequence of moral education objectives. Therefore, the moral hierarchy of Tao in the Book of morality is deeply analyzed and fully applied to the process of setting the goal level of moral education in schools. Strive to provide reference for the sequential division of school moral education objectives. This study will focus on the analysis of the internal structure of Tao and the division of its moral levels in the Book of morality, and try its best to restore Laozi's original thought on Tao and its internal hierarchy according to the understanding of the original content of the Book of morality. On the basis of understanding the existing problems of the goal of moral education in contemporary schools in our country, this paper finds out the coincidence point between the division of the goal level of moral education and the division of moral level of "Tao". In order to provide reasonable suggestions for the hierarchical division of school moral education objectives. In order to improve the effectiveness of the goal of moral education in schools to provide a certain degree of effective reference. Based on this, this study adheres to the combination of theory and practice, focusing on the use of historical literature and literature analysis to analyze the related issues. First of all, based on the brilliant book Laozi's Notes on Silk, and combined with the different works of modern scholars on the Book of morality, on the basis of trying to restore the original text of the Book of morality, From the point of view of moral analysis, this paper analyzes the connotation of Tao and the division of its levels. Excavate the connotation and characteristics of different moral levels of Tao and the internal relationship between them. Secondly, based on the analysis of the objective stratification of school moral education goal in contemporary China, this paper analyzes the setting of moral education goal content in each section according to the stratification of moral education goal, and sums up the existing problems of moral education goal stratification. Finally, according to the multiple basis of the goal of school moral education and the reference provided by the division of moral levels of Tao in the Book of morality, this paper provides reasonable suggestions for the stratification of the goal of moral education in schools.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G410
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