中学物理学科整合的初步研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 10:36

本文关键词：中学物理学科整合的初步研究　出处：《广西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从作者中学时代的记忆,到二十多年物理教育的困惑,再到所了解到的其他省份不同年份高考情况均表明,中学物理“难学难教”并不是个别学校的困局,一些物理中考成绩优异者进入高中后,物理成绩“断崖式大跳水”并非个别现象。面对这一困局,作者从大学学习的感触以及二十多年物理教育的体验中,比较深刻地认识到,分科教学体系制造成的人为割裂肢解是造成物理学习障碍的非常重要的因素,通过一定专门努力修复这些人为的割裂肢解应该对解决物理课程“难学难教”的困局有较大帮助。通过对基于“整合”思想的物理教育相关文献的阅读研究,以及对学生、社会公民的调查研究,作者发现以学科整合思想指导物理教育教学实践这一研究方向有所欠缺、而且有所必要。为弄清物理课程究竟应该如何进行学科整合,本研究首先对物理学的“前世今生”进行了简单的“追根溯源”。然后,从学科整合的理论基础,教学策略,物理教学中学科整合的具体内容,教学实践等方面进行了具体研究。最后,根据学科整合的思想结合当代生理心理学的研究成果,作者对文科物理课程进行了一定审视性反思,以期待一种思想方向成为可能,让“气质的生理属性”属于文科思维模式的学习者也能够学好物理,让看起来如此“高端”的物理学真正成为科学的大众的文化。本文的主要研究结论如下：1.中学物理“难学难教”并不是个别学校的困局,中考成绩优异者进入高中后物理成绩“断崖式大跳水”并非个别现象。教学过程中由于分科教学,造成了一定人为的割裂肢解,导致学习者理解障碍；为解决学习者的这种理解障碍,以“整合”的思想设计物理教学很可能是一条值得尝试的思路。2.基于整合思想的物理教育研究文献,在物理学科与其他学科的整合以及物理学科内部整合两方面方面的研究有所欠缺。无论是学生还是社会公民,这两方面的学科整合情况均不值得乐观。以学科整合的思路来设计并实践物理教育教学,应该可以作为解决中学物理“难学难教”问题的一种策略进行尝试。为了有效地实践这一策略,有必要遵循一定原则以更新观念；在课堂教学模式的选择方面,可以在传统的“讲授式教学”的基础上,融入“探究式教学法”的因子,把探究教学的精神实质与思想方法融入讲授课堂,让两种教学形式互补共存和谐统一。3.对物理学“前世今生”的追寻表明,它与哲学、数学及其他学科有着千丝万缕的有机联系,这些联系使得物理学与许多学科构成了一个完整不可分割的统一体。因此,物理教学中需要整合的具体内容,包括物理学科内部整合以及跨学科整合两方面。其中物理学科不同学段之间的整合、物理学科不同知识板块之间的整合、解题思想、思路与方法之间的整合属于物理学科内部的整合；物理学科与其它自然科学之间的整合、物理学与数学之间的整合、物理学与人文学科(特别是哲学)之间的整合属于跨学科整合。整合的欠缺都会造成理解障碍,从而给中学物理“难学难教”的困局雪上加霜。4.基础教育阶段,学生真正的学习负担并不来源于知识量的增加,而是来源于题海战术的折腾。如果能够引导学生通过学科整合的途径,从正本清源的角度去学习,许多看起来“毫不相干”的东西就会一通百通,会自然而然地带来知识量与解题思路方法的爆炸性增长；这样,学生就可以从题海战术之中解放出来,应试教育就贬值了。5.如果能够把中学物理课程进行一定的整合改造,以顺应学习者“气质的生理属性”,文科思维模式学习者应该也可以学好物理课程,而且有的方面学习内容还应该是他们智力类型的优势所在。作者在这方面的具体实践仅有少量几例个案,因此这一观点属于基于实践感悟的思辨探索。6.本研究的总结论：要解决中学物理“难学难教”的困局,教学中就应该给物理学本身“正本清源”；以学科整合的思路取代题海战术,可以让我们的物理教育教学距离“正本清源”更近一些。本文作者,以一位农村初中物理教师的尴尬身份,有所“固执”地面对一个高中物理教育为主要研究对象的课题。自己执着了多年而又缺乏正规实践研究条件,有许多的无奈。虽然自己一直在努力创造条件接触不同学段不同类型的更多实践研究对象(学生),能够做到的毕竟有限。有些具体观点,属于有限实践的总结,还没办法进行正规的、成型的教育科学研究来提供数据分析,只好以思辨讨论的形式表达自己的感悟。期望这些感悟能够作为一手资料提供出来,尤恐言不达意；无论有人尝试实践或者批判一下,均感觉有所值得。
[Abstract]:From the middle school physical education to more than 20 years of memory, confusion, and then to other provinces to different year entrance examination showed that middle school physics is difficult to learn and teach "is not the individual school difficulties, some physical outstanding senior high school entrance examination after entering high school physics achievement" cliff diving "is not an individual. Faced with this dilemma, the author from the university learning experience and feeling more than 20 years of physical education, more profound understanding, the teaching system made artificially separated dismembered are very important factors which cause physical learning disabilities, through some special efforts to repair these artificial separation should be dismembered to solve physics curriculum" difficult to teach "the dilemma of more help. Based on" integration "thought of physical education related literature research, as well as for students of civil society The investigation and study, the author found that the subject integrated guidance of physical education teaching practice this research direction has been lacking, and what should be necessary. In order to clarify the physics curriculum how to discipline integration, this study firstly for physics of the past and present a simple trace. Then, the theoretical basis, from the integration of disciplines the specific content of the integration of teaching strategies in middle school physics teaching department, conducted a detailed study on the teaching practice. Finally, according to the discipline integration thought combining with the research results of contemporary psychology, the author conducted a survey of reflections on physics curriculum of liberal arts, in the hope of a thought possible, let "physical properties" temperament belongs to arts thinking mode of learners can learn physics, to look so "high-end" physics truly become a scientific public article . the main conclusions are as follows: 1. middle school physics is difficult to learn and teach "is not the individual school difficulties, outstanding senior high school entrance examination in high school physics achievement" cliff diving "is not an isolated phenomenon. In the process of teaching the teaching division, which separates the dismemberment of certain artificial, lead learners to understand the obstacles in order to solve this; the learner's comprehension," design thinking in Physics Teaching "is likely to be a worthwhile idea.2. the thought of integration of physical education based on the research literature, research on integration of the two aspects of the lack of internal physical disciplines and other disciplines as well as the integration of physics. Both students and society citizens, the two aspects of the integration of disciplines are not be optimistic. Subject integrated ideas to the design and practice of physical education teaching, can be solved in middle school A strategy of "hard to learn and teach" physics to try. In order to effectively practice the strategy, it is necessary to follow certain principles to update the concept; in terms of the selection of the teaching mode, can be based on the traditional "teaching", "factor into the inquiry teaching method", the the essence of ideas and methods of inquiry teaching into classroom teaching, make two kinds of teaching form complementary.3. pursuit of harmony and unity of physics "reincarnation" shows it with philosophy, mathematics and other disciplines have organic ties to these links, the physics and many disciplines constitute a unity integral. Therefore, the need for specific content integration in the teaching of physics, including physics, internal integration and interdisciplinary integration. The integration between the two aspects of physics students of Li Xueke. The integration between different knowledge blocks, problem-solving thinking, integration between the ideas and methods of the integration of physics belongs to internal; integration between physics and other natural sciences, the integration between physics and mathematics, physics and Humanities (especially philosophy) between the integration of interdisciplinary integration. The integration will cause lack of understanding in order to disorder, high school physics is difficult to learn and teach "the dilemma of.4. one disaster after another stage of basic education, increase the students' burden is not derived from the amount of knowledge, but from the sea tactical make. If the way to guide students through the integration of disciplines, to learn from the right perspective, many look" no "things will follow the coherent, explosive growth will naturally bring knowledge and problem-solving thinking method; in this way, students can take from the sea Tactical liberation, exam oriented education will depreciate.5. if the middle school physics curriculum integration transformation must, in order to adapt to the learners' temperament physiological properties, mode of thinking of Arts learners should also can learn physics curriculum, and some aspects of learning content should also be where their intelligence types advantages. Author practice in this area only a few cases, this view belongs to practice understanding speculative exploration of.6. this thesis based on Theory: to solve the middle school physics is difficult to learn and teach "predicament, in the teaching of physics itself should be to" reform "; to replace the sea tactical discipline integration ideas, can make our physical education from some of the more recent" reform ". The author, as a teacher in rural junior high school physics the embarrassment of identity," stubborn "face A study of high school physical education as the main research object. Their dedication and lack of regular practice for many years of research conditions, there are many helpless. Although he has been trying to create conditions for contact in different periods of different types of more practical research objects (students), can do is limited. Some specific point of view, belong to limited practice summary, no way to formal education, scientific research molding to provide data analysis, but to discuss speculative forms to express their feeling. These insights can expect as a hand to provide, especially fear of whether someone is trying to stand; or criticism practice. All feel worthwhile.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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