八年级几何概念应用困难析因

发布时间：2018-01-09 15:14

本文关键词：八年级几何概念应用困难析因　出处：《天津师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：初中阶段的数学教学主要围绕代数和几何两大领域展开。其中平面几何在培养学生推理能力,逻辑思维能力,论证能力中的作用为中外教育研究所广泛认可,在几何概念应用中有不少学生感到困难,并由畏难发展到厌学,如何解决是数学教育领域一直研究关注的问题。而人教版八年级数学教材在初中阶段的几何学习中起到承上启下的作用,即从七年级点、线的认识,过渡到三角形和四边形的认识,并为九年级圆的学习打下基础。研究文献发现,几何概念在应用中出现的错误,在教学实际中普遍的存在,教师采取了很多措施,但是学生在应用过程中仍然存在困难；且在中学的数学教学中,许多数学老师并没有认真分析学生在几何概念应用时存在的困难,只是本着对教材的认识和个人经验来进行数学知识的教学与设计,在教学中有些教师更重视的是大量的练习,期待学生从题海中获得解题经验,但不可忽略的是几何概念是学习的基础,任何方法和思路都要建立在对几何概念的理解上,脱离了学生学情的教育只会事倍功半。本研究以实验学校八年级320名学生为研究对象,通过问卷调查和测试题进行定量研究,通过个别访谈进行定性研究。分析八年级学生在应用几何概念时所产生的问题和困难,并从心理学角度分析造成应用困难的原因,主要有学习习惯与学习能力的个人因素,学习方法与数学思维方式的主观因素,课程教学与习题设置的客观因素等。并在此基础上对教师教学提出建议：学法指导方面建议增强学生学习习惯的养成,帮助学生建立完整的知识体系；教法改进方面建议教师适当精选习题,及时了解学生的应用困难并积极解决,注重几何学习兴趣的培养,提高自主学习的能力。
[Abstract]:Mathematics teaching in junior middle school mainly revolves around the fields of algebra and geometry, in which plane geometry plays an important role in cultivating students' reasoning ability, logical thinking ability and argumentation ability, which is widely recognized by Chinese and foreign educational research institutes. In the application of geometric concepts, many students find it difficult, and from fear of difficulties to weariness of learning. How to solve this problem has always been a concern in the field of mathematics education. However, the eighth grade mathematics textbook in junior middle school plays a connecting role in geometry learning, that is, from the seventh grade, line understanding. Transition to the understanding of triangles and quadrilateral, and lay a foundation for the study of the ninth grade circle. The study found that geometric concepts in the application of errors, in the teaching practice of universal existence. Teachers have taken a lot of measures, but students still have difficulties in the process of application. And in the middle school mathematics teaching, many mathematics teachers do not seriously analyze the difficulties of students in the application of geometric concepts, but based on the knowledge of teaching materials and personal experience to teach and design mathematical knowledge. In teaching, some teachers pay more attention to a large number of exercises, expect students to get experience in solving problems from the sea of problems, but it can not be ignored that geometry is the basis of learning. Any method and train of thought should be based on the understanding of the concept of geometry, and the education without the students' learning situation will only achieve half the result. This study takes 320 students in the eighth grade of the experimental school as the research object. Through the questionnaire and the test questions to carry on the quantitative research, through the individual interview carries on the qualitative research, analyzes the eighth grade student in the application geometry concept the question and the difficulty. And from the psychological point of view to analyze the causes of application difficulties, mainly learning habits and learning ability of the individual factors, learning methods and mathematical thinking mode of subjective factors. On the basis of the objective factors of course teaching and exercise setting, some suggestions are put forward to teachers' teaching: in the aspect of learning method guidance, it is suggested to strengthen students' learning habits and help students to establish a complete knowledge system; The improvement of teaching methods suggests that teachers should properly select exercises, understand the difficulties of students' application and solve them actively, pay attention to the cultivation of interest in geometric learning and improve the ability of autonomous learning.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6

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