物理体感实验对促进视力障碍学生学习物理的实践研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 19:08

本文关键词：物理体感实验对促进视力障碍学生学习物理的实践研究　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前我国教育水平不断提高,教育制度逐步完善,但在特殊教育方面的研究起步较晚,作为特殊教育主体之一的视障学生的物理教学更是少有学者研究。新课程改革的教育理念很早就应用在普通学校的教学过程中,但视障学生的物理教学研究到目前还没有形成完整的理论体系,因此,开展对视障学生物理教学的实践研究更具有现实意义。众所周知,物理是一门实验学科,而由于视障学生生理上的特殊性,让多数一线物理教师在对视障学生的教学过程中陷入“两难”状态,为了更好地帮助视障学生学习物理,在此,笔者把张伟教授提出的“物理体感实验”引入到视障学生的物理教学中来,让视障学生通过肤觉或肌觉来感知某一物理现象或者物理量的变化趋势,促进视障学生对物理概念及规律的理解与掌握,培养视障学生的科学探索精神。本研究以建构主义学习理论、多元智能理论、以及全纳教育为指导,以开展多样化的“物理体感实验”教学为突破口,将“物理体感实验”有效的应用到视障学生的物理教学过程中,探索和解决视障学生由于身体缺陷而引起的学习积极性不高、物理概念模糊不清等问题。本次研究把“物理体感实验”应用在视障学生的物理教学过程中,并对其产生的教学功能进行探讨,依据视障学生的身心特点概括总结出针对视障学生的“物理体感实验”的方案设计原则,并设计了“视障生物理体感实验”教学案例,同时开展了实践研究,在研究过程中不断开发并改进教学过程。笔者选择呼和浩特市的一所特殊教育学校的视障班作为研究对象,研究对象仅有10人,这十人中又分为两种类型,7人全盲,没有感光性,3人是低视力障碍,有些许感光性。为了更有效的进行相关研究,笔者对本班的10位视障学生通过调查问卷、访谈、考试成绩纵向对比的方式进行考察、研究,主要看其对物理学习的兴趣、物理概念掌握的准确度以及动手实验探究能力等方面是否发生显著变化。实践研究表明,通过对视障学生开展“物理体感实验”教学,视障学生在知识的理解与掌握、探究过程的体验与感受和积极情感方面都有显著效果。“物理体感实验”不仅可以调动视障学生学习物理的积极性,帮助视障学生对物理现象和变化的理解,还可以提高学生应用所学知识解决生活现象的能力,因此把“物理体感实验”应用在视障学生的教学实践中是有效、可行的。本次研究可为视力障碍学生的物理教学和学习提供参考依据。笔者通过对视力障碍学生教学实践研究的反思,认为本研究还存在许多不足之处,在论文的最后提出了几点建议和进一步完善研究的设想。
[Abstract]:At present, the level of education in our country is constantly improving, and the educational system is gradually improved, but the research on special education started late. As one of the subjects of special education, the physics teaching of visually impaired students is seldom studied by scholars. The educational concept of the new curriculum reform has been applied in the teaching process of ordinary schools for a long time. However, the research on physics teaching of visually impaired students has not yet formed a complete theoretical system. Therefore, it is of practical significance to carry out practical research on physics teaching for visually impaired students. As we all know, physics is an experimental subject. Because of the physiological particularity of the visually impaired students, most first-line physics teachers are in a dilemma in the teaching process of the visually impaired students. In order to better help the visually impaired students to study physics, here. The author introduces the experiment of physical somatosensory put forward by Professor Zhang Wei into the physics teaching of visually impaired students, so that the visually impaired students can perceive a certain physical phenomenon or the change trend of physical quantity through skin or muscle perception. This study is guided by constructivist learning theory, multiple intelligences theory and inclusive education. In order to carry out a variety of "physical sense experiment" teaching as a breakthrough, the "physical sense experiment" is effectively applied to the physical teaching process of visually impaired students. Exploring and solving the problems of students with visual impairment caused by the lack of enthusiasm for learning physical concepts vague. This study applied "physical sense experiment" in the process of physics teaching of visually impaired students. The teaching function is discussed, and the design principle of "physical sense experiment" for visually impaired students is summarized according to the physical and mental characteristics of visually impaired students. At the same time, the author designed a teaching case of "physical sense experiment of visually impaired students", and carried out practical research at the same time. In the course of the research, we develop and improve the teaching process. The author chooses the visually impaired class of a special education school in Hohhot city as the research object. The research object is only 10 people, and the ten students are divided into two types. 7 cases were totally blind, 3 cases without photosensitive disorder were low vision disorder, some light sensitivity. In order to carry on the related research more effectively, the author conducted questionnaire and interview to 10 visually impaired students in this class. The way of longitudinal contrast of test scores is to investigate and study, mainly to see its interest in physics learning. Whether or not the accuracy of grasping physical concepts and the ability of hands-on experiment exploration have changed significantly. The practical research shows that the teaching of "physical sense experiment" is carried out for visually impaired students. Students with visual impairment have remarkable effects in understanding and mastering knowledge, experience and feeling in the process of inquiry and positive emotion. "physical sense experiment" can not only arouse the enthusiasm of visually impaired students in learning physics. Helping the visually impaired students to understand the physical phenomena and changes can also improve the ability of the students to use the knowledge they have learned to solve the life phenomena, so it is effective to apply the "physical understanding experiment" to the teaching practice of the visually impaired students. Feasible. This study can provide a reference for the physical teaching and learning of students with visual impairment. Through reflection on the teaching practice of the students with visual impairment, the author thinks that there are still many shortcomings in this study. At the end of the paper, several suggestions and suggestions for further improvement of the research are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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