中美校车制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 04:16

本文关键词： 校车制度中美比较启示　出处：《河南师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：儿童是国家的未来和希望。近几年校车事故频繁发生,暴露出我国校车的诸种弊端,校车问题俨然成为大众关注的热点话题,构建完善的校车制度已迫在眉睫。在美国,校车制度已有近两百年的历史,形成了相对完善的校车制度体系,是多数国家效仿的典范。论文以比较法和文献法为主要研究方法,以中美校车制度为研究对象,立足国际视野,在已有文献梳理的基础上较为全面、系统地对中美校车制度的若干问题进行了比较分析,力争挖掘出可供我国校车制度建设的经验。校车是用于接送幼儿园、小学、中学接受基础教育的学生上下学,而且依照条例获得许可的载客汽车。校车制度是从立法、财政到具体实施等都有国家相关法律法规的具体规定,并受到社会民众认可的一套机制。美国校车自1837年诞生起,共经历了萌芽时期、发展时期和完善时期三个时期,中国校车制度研究起步晚,历史相对较短,经历了萌芽时期和发展时期,校车制度尚未完善。校车制度体系的内容主要包括立法保障、安全标准、通行特权、运营模式、管理模式、司机选聘标准以及校车的安全教育等方面。义务教育理念、经济发展水平、教育投资制度、文化传统以及政府、社会、学校、市场角色是影响中美校车制度的因素。美国校车制度对我国有可借鉴之处:政府建立校车交通安全宣传长效机制,学校完善交通安全责任制度,社会媒体建立校车安全宣传栏目,家庭配合学校做好交通安全工作,共同增强校车安全意识;明确政府作为校车服务主体的角色职能,完善校车安全法律法规制度,拓宽校车经费筹资渠道;积极引导非政府组织参与校车产业,加强第三方监督;学校加强校车安全教育,将其纳入课程计划和日常管理,建立司机管理制度,严格对司机的审查监管;发展多元化经营管理模式,发挥市场机制作用。
[Abstract]:Children are the future and hope of our country. In recent years, school bus accidents have occurred frequently, exposing the various disadvantages of school buses in our country. The school bus problem has become a hot topic of public concern. It is urgent to build a perfect school bus system. In the United States, The school bus system, which has a history of nearly 200 years, has formed a relatively perfect school bus system and is a model to be emulated by most countries. This paper takes the comparative law and the literature method as the main research method, and takes the school bus system of China and the United States as the research object. Based on the international field of vision and on the basis of the existing literature, this paper makes a comparative analysis of some problems in the school bus system between China and the United States, and tries to find out the experiences that can be used in the construction of the school bus system in China. The school bus is used to transport the kindergarten. Primary and secondary school students who receive basic education go to and from school, and are licensed to carry passengers in accordance with the regulations. The school bus system has specific provisions of the relevant laws and regulations of the state from legislation, finance to concrete implementation. Since its birth in 1837, American school bus has gone through three periods: budding period, developing period and perfecting period. The research of Chinese school bus system started late, and its history is relatively short. The school bus system has not yet been perfected after its infancy and development. The contents of the school bus system mainly include legislative protection, safety standards, privilege of passage, operation mode, management mode, etc. Driver selection criteria and school bus safety education. Compulsory education concept, economic development level, education investment system, cultural tradition, government, society, school, etc. The market role is the factor that affects the school bus system of China and the United States. The American school bus system can be used for reference in our country: the government establishes the long-term mechanism of the school bus traffic safety propaganda, the school consummates the traffic safety responsibility system, Social media establish school bus safety propaganda column, families cooperate with schools to do well traffic safety work, jointly enhance school bus safety awareness, clear the role of the government as the main body of school bus services, improve school bus safety laws and regulations, To broaden the funding channels for school buses; to actively guide non-governmental organizations to participate in the school bus industry and strengthen third party supervision; to strengthen school bus safety education, to incorporate it into curriculum planning and daily management, and to establish a driver management system. To strictly examine and supervise drivers; to develop diversified management model and give play to the role of market mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G637;G639.1

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