初中数学课堂情境教学特点的录像研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 19:34

本文关键词： 数学情境教学录像研究初中数学课堂二元一次方程组　出处：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,让数学从理念世界回归到生活世界已经成为一种国际潮流。我国数学教育者对数学情境教学的认识,有由片面强调“数学的生活化”转而认识到了数学教学不应该仅仅停留在学生的日常生活上,更不能以“生活味”取代数学课程所应该具有的“数学味”的趋势。这在一定程度上表明,数学教育者已经注意到数学情境教学所出现的片面化与绝对化的问题,并开始探索在教学中防止“钟摆现象”的途径。然而教育理论最终都应落实到课堂,在课堂中实施,同时在课堂中检验。本文将对初中数学课堂情境教学的特点进行研究,以了解当前初中数学情境教学在课堂中实施的具体情况与需要改进的地方,希望为数学情境教学理论与数学教学实践的有效沟通提供一些帮助。本文的研究方法主要为录像研究法,选取了《二元一次方程组》一章中的7节课堂录像作为研究样本。从初中数学课堂中的情境任务特征及师生在处理情境任务过程中的行为表现两个维度考察初中数学课堂情境教学的特点。对于情境任务的特征,我们从情境任务的来源、情境任务的“实际生活”背景、情境任务设置的目的三个角度进行了编码分析。论文共分为五章。第一章立足于新课程改革以来数学观与数学教学观的发展趋势,结合我国数学情境教学的研究现状,提出了本研究的背景、内容以及意义。第二章对本研究的相关概念进行了解析,综述了国内外关于数学情境教学的研究现状,并从建构主义理论、情境认知与学习理论以及弗赖登塔尔的数学教育思想等方面阐述了本研究的理论基础。第三章在梳理目前数学情境教学研究现状的基础上,提出了本研究的主要研究方法——录像研究法。并从初中数学课堂中情境任务的来源、情境任务的“实际生活”背景、情境任务设置的目的以及情境任务处理过程中师生的行为等四个方面详细阐述了研究过程的具体操作。第四章通过课堂录像观察及课堂录像的编码分析得到研究结果,并总结出本研究所呈现的初中数学课堂中的情境教学特点：(1)情境任务来源多样,教师能在不偏离教材的前提下根据教学需要灵活创设情境。 (2)与学生实际生活相关的情境任务主要出现在应用型课堂中,方法型课堂中以“纯数学”任务为主。 (3)情境任务设置的目的以激发兴趣、知识铺垫及巩固知识为主,课堂中还缺乏能引起学生认知冲突及优化学生知识结构,有利于学生深入理解知识的情境。(4)情境任务处理过程中,学生的课堂行为参与量多于教师的课堂行为参与量,但很大程度上学生是在教师的指导下进行学习的,课堂仍是以教师为主导。 (5)课堂中有较多的情境任务属于“解决实际问题”的任务,但在任务的处理上有将情境与数学割裂的嫌疑。第五章根据研究结果,从五个方面对初中数学情境教学的课堂实施提出了一些建议。最后对本研究的不足做了阐述,并对进一步的研究提出了展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, let mathematics from the concept of the world back to life world has become an international trend. China's mathematics education understanding of mathematics teaching, from the one-sided emphasis on the "mathematics of life" to realize mathematics teaching should not only stay in the daily life of the students, but can not replace the mathematics curriculum "lifestyle" should have "mathematics taste" trend. This shows that in a certain extent, mathematics educators have noticed mathematics teaching the problem of one-sided and absolute, and begin to explore ways in teaching to prevent the "pendulum phenomenon". However, the final theory of education should be implemented to the classroom, the implementation in the classroom, at the same time in the classroom test. In this paper, characteristics of the junior middle school mathematics classroom situation teaching research, to understand the specific implementation of the current junior high school mathematics teaching situation in the classroom The situation and the need to improve, I hope to provide some help for effective communication theory and mathematics teaching in teaching practice. The main research methods for video research, select < two yuan a equation group in Chapter 7 classroom video as the research samples. From the situation and task characteristics of teachers and students in mathematics classroom early in the situation task in the process of performance examine two dimensions of junior middle school mathematics classroom teaching situation characteristics. The characteristics of the situational task, we from the source context task, task context "real life" background, three aspects of situational task set for the purpose of the thesis is divided into encoding analysis. The five chapter. The first chapter is based on the development trend of the new curriculum reform in view of mathematics and mathematics education, combined with the research status of mathematics teaching in our country, puts forward the research background, content And significance. The second chapter is the related concepts of this study were analyzed, the research on the mathematics teaching research present situation, and from the theory of constructivism, situated cognition and learning theory of Freudenthal's thought of mathematics education, this study describes the theoretical basis. In the third chapter, reviewing the current research on Teaching status on the basis of mathematical situation, put forward the main research methods of this study: video source and research method. From the middle school mathematics classroom scene, scene "real life" background, four aspects of teachers and students to set the context and situational task task behavior during the detailed implementation process of research the fourth chapter through classroom observation and video classroom video encoding results, and summarizes the study of junior high school mathematics classroom. Exit teaching characteristics: (1) the task situation sources are diverse, teachers can not deviate from the premise in teaching according to the teaching needs flexible creating situations. (2) the situation and tasks related to students' real life mainly occurred in the application in the classroom, in the classroom with the method of "pure mathematics" task (3) situation. The purpose of the task set to stimulate interest, knowledge and consolidate the knowledge, can arouse students' cognitive conflict and optimize the knowledge structure of students is lack of classroom teaching, help students understand the knowledge of the situation. (4) the task situation in the process of classroom behavior of students to participate in classroom behavior than the participation of teachers, but great the degree of students is learning under the guidance of teachers in the classroom is still teacher centered. (5) a situation more tasks belong to "solve practical problems" task in the classroom, but in the process of the tasks will be In the fifth chapter, according to the research results, five aspects are put forward some suggestions for the implementation of junior high school mathematics situational teaching. Finally, the shortcomings of this research are elaborated, and further research is prospected.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6

【共引文献】