建国以来劳动教育的历史演变与反思

发布时间：2018-03-27 09:54

本文选题：劳动教育　切入点：历史演变　出处：《海南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：中华人民共和国建国以来,劳动教育走过了65年的发展历程。在马克思主义教育与生产劳动相结合理论的指导下,我国依据自身发展的实际情况,在不同的历史发展阶段,对中小学劳动教育课程做了相应的改革与调整,在其特定的社会历史条件下形成了与当时社会背景相吻合的劳动教育体系。本文在分析劳动教育发展的历史演变过程中,主要得出了以下结论:第一,劳动教育课程目的方面,受社会政治、经济、教育等方面的影响不断变化。从作为改造中小学生政治思想和阶级斗争的工具逐渐转变为培养学生良好行为习惯和提高学生综合素质的重要方法。第二,劳动教育课程内容方面,呈现出了模仿前苏联→初级探索→劳动扩大化→恢复调整→劳动异化的演变历程。不同的社会历史背景影响着劳动教育课程内容的选择,课程内容历经了“生产劳动”为主到以“体力劳动”为主,再到其内容渗透于其他课程之中三个阶段,劳动教育逐渐弱化。第三,劳动教育课程实施方面,大致发展的过程是学校正规实施→大炼钢铁参加劳动→等同于体力劳动→回归学校→渗透在其他课程中和部分教师惩罚学生的工具。第四,劳动教育课程考核方面,“文革”前主要以严格的考试为主,“文革”后,取消了劳动教育考试制度,当前学校没有系统的考核制度。基于此,本研究得出了三点启示:首先,尊重教育自身规律,避免政治和经济因素对学校劳动教育的过度干预。其次,劳动教育课程内容、实施途径等方面要与时俱进,应随着时代的发展而不断进行自我改革和完善。最后,必须把握新机遇,以一种科学的思路实施劳动教育。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, labor education has gone through 65 years of development. Under the guidance of the theory of the combination of Marxist education and productive labor, China is developing at different historical stages according to the actual conditions of its own development. The corresponding reform and adjustment of the labor education curriculum in primary and secondary schools have been made, and a labor education system consistent with the social background of that time has been formed under its specific social and historical conditions. This paper analyzes the historical evolution of the development of labor education. The main conclusions are as follows: first, the purpose of the labor education curriculum is affected by social politics, economy, The influence of education is constantly changing. From being a tool to reform the political thought and class struggle of primary and middle school students, it has gradually changed into an important method to cultivate students' good behavior habits and improve students' comprehensive quality. In terms of the content of the labour education curriculum, it shows that it is imitating the former Soviet Union. 鈫扨rimary exploration. 鈫扡abor expansion. 鈫扲ecovery adjustment. 鈫扵he evolution of labor alienation. Different social and historical backgrounds affect the choice of labor education curriculum content, which has experienced from "productive labor" to "physical labor". Then its contents permeate into three stages of other courses, and the labor education gradually weakens. Third, in the aspect of labor education curriculum implementation, the roughly developing process is the formal implementation of the school. 鈫扟oin in the work of smelting iron and steel. 鈫扙quivalent to manual labor. 鈫扲eturn to school. 鈫扞t permeates other courses and some teachers' tools for punishing students. Fourthly, in the examination of labour education courses, prior to the "Cultural Revolution" the examination was mainly based on strict examinations. After the "Cultural Revolution," the labour education examination system was abolished. There is no systematic assessment system in schools at present. Based on this, this study draws three enlightenments: first, respecting the laws of education itself and avoiding the excessive interference of political and economic factors in school labor education; secondly, the content of labor education curriculum. In order to keep pace with the times, we should constantly reform and perfect ourselves with the development of the times. Finally, we must grasp the new opportunities and carry out labor education in a scientific way.
【学位授予单位】：海南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G631

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