物理中考试题与课程标准的一致性研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 13:13

本文选题：初中物理　切入点：课程标准　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来世界范围内陆续展开基于课程标准的课程改革,我国也对现阶段课程标准进行了全面的审视、系统的梳理修订及完善,并在此基础上展开了第八次基础教育改革。本次基础教育改革在课程标准、教材、教学、考试评价等方面都有深刻革新。要提高教育教学质量,课程标准与教学内容及考试评价的一致性成为当前课程改革领域研究的重要课题。因此开展物理中考与课程标准中内容标准的一致性关系研究具有重要的意义。本文在分析当前一致性研究工具的基础上,借鉴了SEC分析模式和韦伯分析模式,采用量化分析方式,评价中考试卷与物理课程标准的符合程度。本文选取了我国30个省会城市(包括直辖市)2013、2014两年60份中考物理试卷,分别从整体一致性、内容主题一致性、认知水平一致性三个方面宏观分析了试卷与课程标准的一致性程度；并选取南京市、武汉市、兰州市2013年中考物理试卷,借鉴韦伯分析模式,从知识种类、知识深度、知识广度、知识分布平衡性四个维度分析与课程标准的一致性。结果显示,60份试卷与课程标准的整体一致性较低；在内容维度上：试卷对“物态变化”“机械运动”“功和能”的考查整体低于课程标准要求,“物质的属性”“声和光”内容主题与课程标准一致性较好,“力”“电和磁”超出课程标准要求；在认知维度上：中考物理试题在“了解水平”上整体低于课程标准要求,一致性差,在“认识水平”“理解水平”上考查平均水平高于课程标准要求,在“操作技能”“探究”上考查平均水平与课程标准符合较好,可以看出中考试题认知维度的整体一致性偏低,考查深度偏难；在南京、武汉、兰州三市2013年中考物理试卷与课标的一致性微观研究中,南京市试卷一致性程度优于其他两市。最后针对研究结果展开归因分析,并对提高课程标准与学业评价一致性提出建议。一致性研究是从再评价的视角审视评价项目,检测评价项目与课程标准的一致性水平。将一致性分析程序引入到实践教学当中,有助于提高学业评价的指向性和有效性,能够为试题的命制提供确切的指向,调试物理课程的运行,优化教师教学,促进教师发展,提升教育质量。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the curriculum reform based on curriculum standard has been carried out all over the world, and our country has also carried out a comprehensive examination of the present curriculum standard, systematically revised and perfected it, and launched the eighth basic education reform on this basis.The basic education reform in curriculum standards, teaching materials, teaching, test evaluation and other aspects of profound innovation.In order to improve the quality of education and teaching, the consistency of curriculum standard, teaching content and examination evaluation has become an important subject in the field of curriculum reform.Therefore, it is of great significance to study the consistency between physical examination and curriculum standards.On the basis of analyzing the current research tools of consistency, this paper draws lessons from the SEC and Weber analysis models, and evaluates the degree of conformity between the middle school examination papers and the physics course standards by using the quantitative analysis method.This paper selects 60 physics examination papers from 30 provincial capitals (including municipalities directly under the Central Government) in 2014 and 2014, respectively from the overall consistency, the content theme consistency,This paper analyzes the consistency between the examination papers and the curriculum standards from three aspects of cognitive consistency, and selects the physics examination papers in Nanjing, Wuhan and Lanzhou in 2013, drawing on Webb analysis model, from the types of knowledge, the depth of knowledge,The consistency between knowledge breadth, knowledge distribution balance and curriculum standards.The results showed that the overall consistency between the test paper and the curriculum standard was low, and in the content dimension, the examination of "change of physical state" and "mechanical movement" and "work and energy" of the test paper were lower than the requirements of the curriculum standard.The contents of "Properties of matter", "Sound and Light" are in good agreement with the curriculum standard, "force" "electricity and magnetism" exceed the requirements of the curriculum standard; in cognitive dimension: the physics examination questions of the middle school test are generally lower than the requirements of the curriculum standard on the "level of understanding".The consistency is poor, the average level of examination is higher than the requirement of curriculum standard in "understanding level" and "understanding level", and the average level of examination on "operation skill" and "inquiry" accords well with curriculum standard.It can be seen that the overall consistency of the cognitive dimension of the middle school examination questions is low and the depth of examination is on the low side; in the microscopic research on the consistency of physics papers and curriculum standards in 2013 in three cities of Nanjing, Wuhan and Lanzhou, the consistency degree of Nanjing test papers is better than that of the other two cities.Finally, the attribution analysis is carried out in the light of the results of the study, and some suggestions are put forward to improve the consistency between curriculum standards and academic evaluation.Consistency research is to examine the evaluation items from the perspective of re-evaluation and to examine the consistency level between the evaluation items and the curriculum standards.The introduction of consistency analysis program into practical teaching will help to improve the orientation and effectiveness of academic evaluation, provide a definite direction for the command system of test questions, debug the operation of physics courses, optimize teachers' teaching, and promote the development of teachers.Improve the quality of education.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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