基于高考地理试题分析的地理空间能力培养策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 03:20

本文选题：地理空间能力 + 高考地理试题分析　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在这个知识大爆炸的时代,学校教育对于一个人能力(如学习能力、知识迁移能力、创新能力等)的培养影响重大。学校教育分科特征明显,学科能力的培养也成为学校教育的重中之重。而对于地理学科来说,地理空间作为地理问题研究的依托及基础,地理空间能力是具有地理学科特色的能力;它以地理空间概念为基础,通过空间想象并运用空间定位的方法,来获得有关地理事物空间分布、空间联系和空间变化等信息。但是对于地理空间能力的研究仍处在不断完善的过程中。现阶段对于地理空间能力的研究,国外集中在研究地理空间能力在性别上的差异,国内以研究地理空间能力中的某一方面为主,而系统研究较少。选择新的视角对地理空间能力进行研究,对于完善地理空间能力结构将有着重要作用。本文则以2005-2014年黑龙江省高考地理试题为研究的切入点,对其中关于地理空间能力的考查特点进行研究,分析了课改前后地理空间定位能力、地理空间知觉能力、地理空间分析能力在试题中的考查特点及典型试题,并为高中地理教学如何提高地理空间能力提出有针对性的建议。本文共分为五大部分:第一章绪论阐述本研究的背景,说明研究的目的及意义,整理研究方法与思路,最后概括出所要研究的内容。第二章地理空间能力概述论述了本课题的理论基础,即建构主义、认知发展理论、多元智能理论,通过查找、阅读大量文献资料,呈现国内、国外有关地理空间能力的研究现状,对有关地理空间能力的相关概念进行界定,并指出高考地理试题中直接考查的地理空间能力,以便下文进行分析。第三章黑龙江省高考地理试题中地理空间能力的考查特点分析首先说明了地理课程标准及考试大纲对于培养地理空间能力的要求。其次该部分从题量、分值、题型、考查知识点、主要考查方式等方面对近十年的黑龙江省高考文科综合试题中的地理部分进行总体分析,并比较黑龙江省新课改前后在考查地理空间定位能力、地理空间知觉能力、地理空间分析能力三个方面的试题数量、知识点、考查方式等方面的差异,最后分别总结出这三种能力的考查特点及趋势。第四章加强地理空间能力培养的策略笔者通过上文分析,总结出培养地理空间能力中地理空间定位能力、地理空间知觉能力、地理空间分析能力的具体策略。第五章结论概括研究基本结论,并分析研究过程中来自自身及外界条件限制的不足之处。
[Abstract]:In this era of great explosion of knowledge, school education has a great influence on the cultivation of a person's ability (such as learning ability, knowledge transfer ability, innovation ability, etc.). The characteristics of the school education division are obvious, the training of the discipline ability is also the most important of the school education. For the geography subject, the geography space is the research of the geography problem. Depending on and base, geographical spatial ability is the ability to have the characteristics of geography. It is based on the concept of geographical space, and obtains information about spatial distribution, spatial connection and spatial change by spatial imagination and using spatial positioning method. However, the study of geographical space ability is still in continuous improvement. In the present stage, the study of geospatial ability at present is focused on the gender differences in geographical space ability, and the study of a certain aspect in the ability of geospatial ability is mainly in China, but the systematic research is less. It is important to choose a new perspective to study the geographical space ability and to improve the spatial ability structure of the geography. This article, based on the study of the geography test questions of the 2005-2014 year college entrance examination in Heilongjiang Province, studied the characteristics of the geographical spatial ability, analyzed the ability of geographical space positioning, the ability of geographical space perception, the characteristics of the geographical spatial analysis ability in the examination questions and the typical test questions, and the geography of high school geography. This paper is divided into five parts: the first chapter introduces the background of the study, explains the purpose and significance of the study, collates the research methods and ideas, and finally summarizes the contents of the study. The second chapter describes the theoretical basis of this topic. Constructivism, cognitive development theory, multi intelligence theory, through searching and reading a lot of literature, present the domestic and foreign research status of geographical space ability, define the related concepts about geographical space ability, and point out the geographical spatial ability of the geographical test questions directly examined in the college entrance examination, so that the following will be analyzed. Third The analysis of the characteristics of geographical space ability in the geography test questions in Heilongjiang province college entrance examination first illustrates the requirements of geography curriculum standard and the examination outline for the cultivation of geospatial ability. Secondly, this part of the comprehensive test questions of the college entrance examination in Heilongjiang Province in the last ten years from the quantity, value, type, examination of the knowledge points, and the main examination methods. The geographical part of the overall analysis, and compared to the Heilongjiang Province before and after the new curriculum reform in the examination of geographical space positioning ability, geographical space perception ability, geographical spatial analysis ability in three aspects of the number of questions, knowledge points, examination methods and other aspects of the difference, and finally summed up the characteristics and trends of the three abilities. The fourth chapter is strengthened. Through the analysis of the above, the author summarizes the specific strategies for the ability of geographical space positioning, the ability of geographical space perception, and the ability to analyze geospatial spatial analysis. The fifth chapters summarize the basic conclusions of the study, and analyze the limitations of the limitations of their own and external conditions during the study.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.55

【共引文献】