高中文言文教学目标设计中存在的问题及其解决对策

发布时间：2018-06-14 15:07

本文选题：高中文言文 + 教学目标设计　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：文言文教学是语文教学的重要组成部分,它肩负着传承传统文化的重要使命。在国家深化教育改革和新课改的形势下,高中文言文教学却仍然停留在应试教育的层面。文言文教学一直处于“高耗低效”、“少慢差费”的状况。这种现状与教师教学目标设计中存在的问题是分不开的。从教学目标设计的角度来看,高中文言文教学存在着教学目的功利化、教学目标片面化、目标类型混淆、缺少能力训练、目标主体颠倒、目标陈述含糊抽象、目标空泛化等问题。所以,我们要突破文言文教学的困境就有必要对文言文教学目标设计问题进行认真、深入、细致的研究。教学目标设计是教学的第一步,是提高教学质量和效率的根基性工作。改进文言文教学目标设计的方法,优化文言文教学目标设计的过程,消除文言文教学目标设计过程中的问题,这样,文言文教学的质量和效率才能逐步提高。我们在研究过程中,密切联系教学实际,抓住一本教材,深入开掘,力求提出合理、简明、具体、可行的建议。我们主要选取了人教版《中国古代诗歌散文欣赏》这本教材上的作品作为研究对象,通过听课、访谈、研读文献,了解现在高中文言文教学的现状,学习教学目标设计的先进理论,总结文言文教学的经验和教训,探索将教学设计理论应用于文言文教学目标设计的方法。经过探讨、分析,我们发现这些问题产生的根源在于以下几点：1.部分教师没有实现文言文教学的意义；2.部分教师忽视了文言文教学的实际情况；3.部分教师对教学目标的含义、本质、作用理解不准确；4.部分教师没有采用的先进理论作为指导；5.部分教师没有根据学生情况来设计教学目标；6.部分教师没有关注学生个体。我们在探讨文言文教学目标设计问题的过程中,结合了优秀教师执教的公开课案例来寻找破解问题的有效方法。我们在总结文言文教学和教学目标设计相关理论和经验的基础上,提出了以下解决策略：1.设计教学目标要以促进学生发展为目的；2.要遵循“言”“文”合一、“言”“文”并重的原则设计和实施文言文教学目标；3.使用内在过程与外在表现相结合的目标；4.对目标进行分层分类。在文言文教学目标设计和实施的过程中,教师应该使用以下方法：1.设计基于学情的教学目标：利用学生已有的知识,补充学生缺少的知识；2.根据单元提示和文本解读,设计基于教材的教学目标；3.根据学生和教材,具体陈述教学目标的内容；4.根据教学目标的类型和层次,安排教学目标的序列；5.根据实际教学情境和教学过程,设计预设与生成相结合的目标。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the problem of teaching goal design in high school , which is the first step to improve the teaching quality and efficiency . The teaching goal design is the first step to improve the teaching quality and efficiency .
2 . Some teachers neglect the practical situation of the text teaching ;
3 . Some teachers ' understanding of the meaning , nature and function of the teaching objectives are not accurate ;
4 . Some teachers have not adopted advanced theories as guidance ;
5 . Some teachers do not design teaching objectives according to the students ' situation ;
6 . Some teachers don ' t pay attention to the students ' individual . In the process of exploring the target design of the text - text teaching , we combine the open - class case study of excellent teachers to find the effective way to solve the problem . We put forward the following solution strategies based on summarizing the theory and experience of teaching and teaching goal design .
2 . To design and implement the teaching objectives of the text and text in accordance with the principles of " Introduction " and " text " and " text " ;
3 . Use the internal process and the external representation to combine the goal ;
4 . In the process of the design and implementation of the target , the teacher should use the following methods : 1 . Design the teaching goal based on the learning situation : make use of the knowledge already available to the students and supplement the students ' lack of knowledge ;
2 . According to the unit prompt and the text interpretation , the teaching goal based on the teaching material is designed ;
3 . According to the students and the teaching materials , the contents of the teaching objectives are specifically stated ;
4 . arranging the sequence of the teaching target according to the type and the level of the teaching target ;
5 . According to the actual teaching situation and teaching process , the goal of combining design and generation is designed .
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.3

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