近五年高考语文词语类试题研究及解题策略
发布时间：2018-10-10 12:46
【摘要】：词语属于语文学习的基础知识部分,正确使用词语是在掌握词义基础之上的运用与表达,属于《高考语文考试大纲》中要求学生掌握六大能力之一的表达应用能力。词语专题的学习分布在高中语文选修课课程的“语言文字应用”模块,章节主要分布在第四章和第五章,涉及到了实词、虚词、熟语,以及新词语的学习。词语作为语文基础知识的一部分是要一直积累学习的,它作为人文知识的一部分,对提高学生的人文素养也起着至关重要的作用,因此在高中教育阶段也应该引起重视。考查学生对词语(包括熟语)的运用能力在近五年《高考语文考试大纲》中一直是一个必考知识点,因此笔者在本文主要通过研究近五年全国及其各省市的高考词语题来为一线教师提供词语专题资源和词语运用能力提升建议。本文的第一部分是研究近五年全国及各省市词语题的命题特点及其规律,从题量、分值、题型、设题方式、词语(包括熟语)的选用等方面做了全方面的分析研究,发现了各地高考词语题题量和分值比较稳定,大部分的高考试卷都是每年维持在1题3分的状态,除山东卷和福建卷等个别高考试卷除外；词语题的题型主要是选择题；设题方式主要是判别画点或划线的词语(包括熟语)使用是否得当或者是选择正确的词语(包括熟语)填入空中；选用规律上：成语的考查比例最大,虚词的考查比例最小,实词居中；成语的考查主要以考查其使用误区为主,望文生义、褒贬误用、不合语境是其主要考查误区；虚词从词性上看,主要考查的是副词和连词；实词从词性上看,主要考查的是名词、动词和形容词；从词义上看,不管是实词、虚词还是熟语,其近义词考查都是其辨析难点。通过对词语题命题方式及规律的研究,笔者也发现了高考词语题题型单一、分值偏低、考点不均衡等问题,从这些方面也给予了高考词语题命题一些建议。本文的第二部分主要是结合第一部分为学生提高词语类试题的解题能力提供策略,分实词、虚词和成语三部分展开,实词解题策略主要是要求学生掌握实词的理性义和色彩义以及运用方法,虚词的解题策略主要是要求学生分清词性、辨清分局关系,以及能辨析近义词；成语的解题策略主要要求学生弄清成语的实际意义、适用范围、感情色彩、语法功能以及能分辨出相似形态表现的成语。笔者希望本文对词语题的研究能够切实帮助高中语文教师更好的开展词语教学,给学生做好词语专题的训练,帮助他们提高语言应用能力。但是不建议高中语文教师把高考题作为提分神器,而忘记高考语文试卷设置词语题的初衷。
[Abstract]:Words belong to the basic knowledge of Chinese learning. The correct use of words is the use and expression of words on the basis of mastering the meaning of words. It belongs to the application ability of expression which is required for students to master one of the six abilities in the College entrance examination syllabus of Chinese examination. The study of the topic of words is distributed in the "language and character application" module of the Chinese elective course in senior high school, and the chapters are mainly distributed in the fourth and fifth chapters, which involve the study of notional words, function words, idioms, and new words. As a part of the basic knowledge of Chinese language, words and expressions should be accumulated and studied all the time. As a part of humanistic knowledge, words also play a vital role in improving students' humanistic literacy, so they should be paid more attention to in the stage of high school education. The ability of students to use words (including idioms) has always been a necessary knowledge point in the Chinese examination syllabus of the college entrance examination in the past five years. Therefore, in this paper, the author mainly through the study of the nearly five years of the national and provinces and cities of the college entrance examination words and phrases for the first line of teachers to provide specific resources and words to improve their ability to use suggestions. The first part of this paper is to study the propositional characteristics and rules of the words in the last five years, including the quantity, value, type, way of setting questions, the choice of words (including idioms) and so on, which are analyzed and studied in all aspects, such as the quantity of questions, the value of questions, the types of questions, the choice of words (including idioms) and so on. It is found that the quantity and score of the words and questions in the college entrance examination are relatively stable, and most of the examination papers are maintained in the state of 3 points each year, except for the individual papers of the college entrance examination, such as Shandong volume and Fujian volume, and the question types of the words are mainly multiple choice questions. The main way of setting questions is to judge whether the words drawn or underlined (including idioms) are used properly or to select the correct words (including idioms) to fill in the air; the rules of selection are as follows: the proportion of examination of idioms is the largest and the proportion of functional words is the smallest. Notional words are in the middle; idioms are mainly examined in the wrong use of their usages, which are characterized by misconception, praise and misuse, which are not in context. In terms of part of speech, functional words are mainly examined for adverbs and conjunctions; from the aspect of part of speech, notional words are mainly examined for their adverbs and conjunctions, and from the aspect of part of speech, they are mainly examined by adverbs and conjunctions. Nouns, verbs and adjectives are mainly examined. In terms of lexical meaning, it is difficult to distinguish its synonyms, whether it is a notional word, a function word or an idiom. Through the study of the way and law of the proposition of words and phrases, the author also finds some problems such as single type of questions, low scores and uneven examination points, and gives some suggestions on the proposition of words and phrases in college entrance examination from these aspects. The second part of this paper mainly combines the first part to provide the strategy for the students to improve the ability of solving the questions of words and phrases, which is divided into three parts: notional words, function words and idioms. The strategy of notional word problem solving mainly requires students to master the rational meaning, color meaning and application method of notional words, while the strategy of function word problem solving mainly requires students to distinguish part of speech, distinguish the relation between substations, and can distinguish the near synonyms. The strategy of solving idioms requires students to find out the actual meaning of idioms, the scope of application, the color of feelings, the grammatical functions and the idioms that can distinguish the expression of similar forms. The author hopes that the study of words and phrases in this paper can help the senior high school Chinese teachers to better carry out the teaching of words, to do a good job in the training of words for students, and to help them to improve their language application ability. However, it is not recommended that high school Chinese teachers regard college entrance examination questions as an artifact, and forget the original intention of setting up word questions in college entrance examination papers.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G634.3
本文编号：2261817
[Abstract]:Words belong to the basic knowledge of Chinese learning. The correct use of words is the use and expression of words on the basis of mastering the meaning of words. It belongs to the application ability of expression which is required for students to master one of the six abilities in the College entrance examination syllabus of Chinese examination. The study of the topic of words is distributed in the "language and character application" module of the Chinese elective course in senior high school, and the chapters are mainly distributed in the fourth and fifth chapters, which involve the study of notional words, function words, idioms, and new words. As a part of the basic knowledge of Chinese language, words and expressions should be accumulated and studied all the time. As a part of humanistic knowledge, words also play a vital role in improving students' humanistic literacy, so they should be paid more attention to in the stage of high school education. The ability of students to use words (including idioms) has always been a necessary knowledge point in the Chinese examination syllabus of the college entrance examination in the past five years. Therefore, in this paper, the author mainly through the study of the nearly five years of the national and provinces and cities of the college entrance examination words and phrases for the first line of teachers to provide specific resources and words to improve their ability to use suggestions. The first part of this paper is to study the propositional characteristics and rules of the words in the last five years, including the quantity, value, type, way of setting questions, the choice of words (including idioms) and so on, which are analyzed and studied in all aspects, such as the quantity of questions, the value of questions, the types of questions, the choice of words (including idioms) and so on. It is found that the quantity and score of the words and questions in the college entrance examination are relatively stable, and most of the examination papers are maintained in the state of 3 points each year, except for the individual papers of the college entrance examination, such as Shandong volume and Fujian volume, and the question types of the words are mainly multiple choice questions. The main way of setting questions is to judge whether the words drawn or underlined (including idioms) are used properly or to select the correct words (including idioms) to fill in the air; the rules of selection are as follows: the proportion of examination of idioms is the largest and the proportion of functional words is the smallest. Notional words are in the middle; idioms are mainly examined in the wrong use of their usages, which are characterized by misconception, praise and misuse, which are not in context. In terms of part of speech, functional words are mainly examined for adverbs and conjunctions; from the aspect of part of speech, notional words are mainly examined for their adverbs and conjunctions, and from the aspect of part of speech, they are mainly examined by adverbs and conjunctions. Nouns, verbs and adjectives are mainly examined. In terms of lexical meaning, it is difficult to distinguish its synonyms, whether it is a notional word, a function word or an idiom. Through the study of the way and law of the proposition of words and phrases, the author also finds some problems such as single type of questions, low scores and uneven examination points, and gives some suggestions on the proposition of words and phrases in college entrance examination from these aspects. The second part of this paper mainly combines the first part to provide the strategy for the students to improve the ability of solving the questions of words and phrases, which is divided into three parts: notional words, function words and idioms. The strategy of notional word problem solving mainly requires students to master the rational meaning, color meaning and application method of notional words, while the strategy of function word problem solving mainly requires students to distinguish part of speech, distinguish the relation between substations, and can distinguish the near synonyms. The strategy of solving idioms requires students to find out the actual meaning of idioms, the scope of application, the color of feelings, the grammatical functions and the idioms that can distinguish the expression of similar forms. The author hopes that the study of words and phrases in this paper can help the senior high school Chinese teachers to better carry out the teaching of words, to do a good job in the training of words for students, and to help them to improve their language application ability. However, it is not recommended that high school Chinese teachers regard college entrance examination questions as an artifact, and forget the original intention of setting up word questions in college entrance examination papers.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G634.3
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前6条
1 李茂林;;论词义色彩的构成[J];才智;2013年05期
2 管丹丹;;例说成语的感情色彩[J];广东教育(高中版);2014年09期
3 黄云峰;;语气副词“终于”“总算”“总归”语用功能的考察[J];乐山师范学院学报;2011年04期
4 张凤祥;;辨析近义词[J];考试(高考文科版);2010年01期
5 黄克恭;;高考语文选择题应该寿终正寝[J];语文教学与研究;2011年10期
6 陈志国;;高考语文试卷的组卷原则和命题策略——以2011年高考语文北京卷为例[J];中学语文教学;2011年08期
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 赵丽坤;现代汉语成语语法功能研究[D];河北大学;2009年
2 徐硕熙;关于成语的教学设计[D];苏州大学;2012年
，本文编号：2261817
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jiaoyulunwen/chuzhongjiaoyu/2261817.html
