职高文言文教学现状分析及解决策略

发布时间：2019-04-23 23:24

【摘要】：目前的职业高中文言文课堂存在诸多问题,如教师授课方式单调落后、学生接受能力有限等,都严重制约着中职文言文教学的深入进行。为此,笔者通过查阅资料、总结经验、分析材料等方法,就目前的中职文言文教学现状提出了自己的一些见解和看法。唯有真正了解文言文的特点,才能在文言文教学中深入浅出的向学生讲授文言文精髓,这是对于一名中学语文教育工作者的必然要求。故而,本文首先分析了文言文的教学目标,从“言”的目标、“文”的目标和“听、说、读、写”的目标这几方面,说明职高文言文教学的目标就是：引导学生掌握文言文学习的基本方法,使其初步具备阅读、欣赏文言作品的能力,能体会其中蕴含的民族精神,并从中汲取民族智慧,增强对中华民族传统文化的热爱之情。针对职高学生特点,文言文教学应从以下两个方面着手：第一,通过文言文的学习,更好的帮助学生学习现代汉语,以提升其口语和写作水平；第二,通过学习文言文,让学生不断的提升自己的文化素养,健全自身人格。就目前的职业高中文言文课堂现状,笔者主要针对中职语文教师和学生做了问卷调查。通过对问卷的具体分析,笔者认为：在职高语文教学中,一方面由于教师教学观念未能与时俱进,故而在课堂教学中未能做到因材施教；另一方面学生存在自卑心理,初中打下的文化基础不扎实,学习观念不正确,学习能力差劲。这些状况直接导致中职文言文课堂成了人们都不愿意面对的难题。基于此,笔者试图从教师和学生两方面来寻求解决问题的办法。教师方面：只有与时俱进的更新授课理念,才能在新思路下找到合适21世纪学生的教学方式方法。课堂上除了要讲授基本的文言字词知识外,还要教会学生有效的学习方法,培养学生对文言的语感和兴趣,引导其体会古典文化的神奇魅力,理解古代作品的文化内涵,提升自己的品德修养,并倡导学生化用借用文言来写作。学生方面：首先应该对了解学习我国传统文化中的文言文具有足够的自信心,其次,要依据心理学规律,提高自己的学习效率,探索适合自己的高效学习方法。同时,通过找寻文言文和现实感触的共同点、课外自主阅读故事性文言作品、参加形式多样的文言活动等方式,慢慢在学习中消除对文言文的恐惧感。孔夫子在两千多年前就明确提出了“因材施教”,如今面对中职学生这个相对普通高中生而言略显特殊的群体,在语文教学中更要努力激发学生对于文言文的热爱,从而进一步提高学生的自主学习能力,最终实现中职文言文教学方法的转变和升级,促进学生的文言文学习。
[Abstract]:At present, there are many problems in the vocational high-language classroom, such as the monotonous and backward teaching mode of teachers, the limited ability of students to accept, and so on, which seriously restricts the further progress of classical Chinese teaching in vocational schools. Therefore, the author puts forward some opinions and opinions on the present situation of classical Chinese teaching in secondary vocational schools by consulting the materials, summarizing the experience and analyzing the materials and so on. Only if we really understand the characteristics of classical Chinese, can we teach the quintessence of classical Chinese to students in the teaching of classical Chinese, which is an inevitable requirement for a middle school Chinese educator. Therefore, this paper first analyzes the teaching objectives of classical Chinese, including the goals of "Yan", "Wen" and "listening, speaking, reading and writing". It is explained that the aim of classical Chinese teaching in vocational high schools is to guide students to master the basic methods of learning classical Chinese, to make them possess the ability of reading, appreciating classical Chinese works, to realize the national spirit contained therein, and to draw national wisdom from it. To enhance the love of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. According to the characteristics of vocational high school students, classical Chinese teaching should start from the following two aspects: first, through the study of classical Chinese, better help students to learn modern Chinese, in order to improve their oral and writing level; Second, through the study of classical Chinese, let students constantly improve their cultural literacy, improve their personality. According to the present situation of vocational high school Chinese language classroom, the author mainly aimed at the secondary vocational school Chinese teachers and students to do a questionnaire survey. Through the concrete analysis of the questionnaire, the author thinks: in the vocational high school Chinese teaching, on the one hand, because the teacher's teaching concept has not kept pace with the times, therefore, the teacher has failed to teach in accordance with his aptitude in the classroom teaching; On the other hand, students have inferiority, the cultural foundation laid down in junior high school is not solid, the learning idea is not correct, the learning ability is poor. These conditions directly lead to the class of classical Chinese in vocational schools has become a difficult problem that people do not want to face. Based on this, the author tries to find a solution from both teachers and students. Teachers: only by updating the teaching idea with the times can we find the suitable teaching methods for the students in the 21st century under the new ideas. In class, in addition to teaching the basic knowledge of classical Chinese words, we should also teach students effective learning methods, cultivate students' sense of and interest in classical Chinese, guide them to experience the magic charm of classical culture, and understand the cultural connotation of ancient works. Improve their moral accomplishment, and advocate learning to use classical Chinese to write. Students: first of all, we should have sufficient self-confidence in understanding and learning classical Chinese in our traditional culture. Secondly, we should improve our learning efficiency according to psychological laws, and explore effective learning methods suitable for ourselves. At the same time, by looking for common ground between classical Chinese and realistic feelings, we can read storytelling classical Chinese works after class and take part in various classical Chinese activities, so as to gradually eliminate the fear of classical Chinese writing in the course of learning. Confucius explicitly proposed "teaching in accordance with his aptitude" more than 2,000 years ago. Nowadays, in the face of secondary vocational school students, who are slightly more special than ordinary high school students, they should strive to inspire students' love of classical Chinese in Chinese teaching. So as to further improve the students' autonomous learning ability, finally realize the transformation and upgrading of the teaching methods of classical Chinese in secondary vocational schools, and promote the students' learning of classical Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.3

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