科学教育中驳斥型文本研究及其启示

发布时间：2019-05-12 17:24

【摘要】：在PISA测试结果公布的背景中,科学教育中重知识轻能力、重结果轻过程以及重识记轻理解等问题凸显出来。为了更好地促进学生科学地解释现象、评价和设计科学探究、科学地解释数据和证据等能力的发展,创新科学教育教材,改造传统科学课本,驳斥型文本研究逐渐兴起。驳斥型文本研究构筑在概念转变模型和科学阅读模型的基础上,直接观照学生可能具有的迷思概念。驳斥型文本,首先清晰呈现相关的迷思概念,继而加以直接驳斥,之后给出科学的概念解释。研究阐明,驳斥型文本能有效转变学生的迷思概念,具有认知心理学的作用机制。这就启示我们,可以从优化课堂教学、改造教材结构、革新科学学习方式和创新教师教育课程等方面着手推进我国科学教育改革,更多关注学生在判断问题之后进行解释以及对科学知识进行构建的过程认知等能力的培养。
[Abstract]:In the background of the publication of PISA test results, the problems in science education, such as emphasizing knowledge over ability, emphasizing results less than process, and emphasizing recognition and understanding, etc., are highlighted in the background of the publication of the test results. In order to better promote the development of students' ability to explain phenomena scientifically, evaluate and design scientific inquiry, scientifically explain data and evidence, innovate the teaching materials of science education, reform the traditional science textbooks, and gradually rise the repulsive text research. On the basis of conceptual transformation model and scientific reading model, the study of repulsive text is based on the concept transformation model and scientific reading model, and directly looks at the mystical concepts that students may have. In the repulsive text, the related myth concepts are clearly presented, then refuted directly, and then the scientific concept explanation is given. The study shows that repulsive text can effectively change students' myth concept and has the mechanism of cognitive psychology. This enlightens us that we can proceed with the reform of science education in our country from the aspects of optimizing classroom teaching, reforming the structure of teaching materials, reforming the way of scientific learning and innovating the curriculum of teacher education, and so on. More attention is paid to the cultivation of students' ability to explain after judging the problem and to construct the process cognition of scientific knowledge.
【作者单位】：华南师范大学价值教育研究与开发中心;广东省江门市第一中学;
【基金】：广东省教育厅特色创新项目(教育科研类)《校本学习研究原理与方法的探索》(2014GXZK028) 广东省高等学校优秀青年教师培养计划研究项目《学习为本评估的理论与实践研究》(HS2015005) 广东省“特支计划”青年文化英才项目(粤人才办[2015]8号)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：G633.98

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