创新驱动背景下中美高校创业教育课程体系比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 21:31

本文关键词： 创新驱动创业教育课程体系中美比较　出处：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为实现国家持续发展,党的十八大明确提出创新驱动发展战略,同时我国高等学校教育改革不断深化。创新驱动的实质是人才驱动,创新人才培养靠教育,课程则是学校为了实现教育目标所做的具体安排,所以创新驱动明确了现阶段我国高校人才培养的方向和目标,又因创新经济体具有高知识资本投资、创业传导机制健全及高劳动生产率和全要素生产率的特征,这对我国高校课程建设也提出了新要求。高校创业教育的改革深化是创新驱动战略目标实现的必经进程,创业教育课程体系的完善是这一进程的重要环节。在高校创业教育方面,我国起步较晚,课程体系尚不完善,而美国已发展至世界领先地位,其成功经验值得借鉴。本文采用文献研究法、比较研究法和统计研究法等,并结合三重螺旋理论、协同创新理论、创业文化理论和全面发展理论,开展深入剖析。通过对美国创业教育课程理念、课程内容、师资力量和教学方法的研究,本文归纳出其差异性、专业性和实践性三个特点,而后从高校自身、政府政策和社会支持总结其成功经验。通过比较,本文发现我国创业教育存在课程理念有偏差、课程内容浅显狭隘、专业师资力量薄弱和教学方法传统单一等问题,接着本文从文化观念、资源管理和外部环境等方面分析问题存在的原因,如我国高校缺乏自主发展意识、缺失校园创业文化、资源配置不科学及创业环境不佳,进而提出高校应从学科建设、文化培育、师资优化和监督激励等方面进行改善,同时社会各界应积极创建企业孵化器、扩大市场开放度并转变传统观念以支持高校创业教育;政府应加强政策扶持、健全激励机制和完善法律体系为高校创业教育提供有力保障,官、产、学三者合作协调,以尽快完成创新创业型人才输出,实现国家经济社会的科学发展。
[Abstract]:In order to realize the sustainable development of our country, the 18 Party Congress clearly put forward the strategy of innovation-driven development, and at the same time, the reform of higher education in our country has been deepened constantly. The essence of innovation-driven is talent driving, and the cultivation of innovative talents depends on education. The curriculum is the specific arrangement made by schools to achieve the educational goals. Therefore, the innovation drive has made clear the direction and objectives of talent training in colleges and universities at this stage, and because the innovative economies have high knowledge capital investment, The sound mechanism of entrepreneurship transmission and the characteristics of high labor productivity and total factor productivity also put forward new requirements for the curriculum construction of colleges and universities in China. The reform and deepening of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities is an indispensable process for the realization of innovation-driven strategic goals. The improvement of the curriculum system of entrepreneurship education is an important part of this process. In the field of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, our country starts late, the curriculum system is not perfect, and the United States has developed into a leading position in the world. The successful experience is worth using for reference. This paper adopts the literature research method, the comparative research method and the statistical research method, and combines the triple helix theory, the cooperative innovation theory, the entrepreneurship culture theory and the comprehensive development theory. Through the research of American entrepreneurship education curriculum concept, curriculum content, teachers' strength and teaching methods, this paper concludes its three characteristics: difference, professionalism and practicality, and then from the university itself, Government policy and social support sum up its successful experience. By comparison, this paper finds that there are some problems in entrepreneurship education in China, such as the deviation of curriculum concept, the simple and narrow content of curriculum, the weakness of professional teachers and the traditional teaching method. Then this paper analyzes the causes of the problems from the aspects of cultural concept, resource management and external environment, such as the lack of awareness of independent development in Chinese universities, the lack of campus entrepreneurial culture, the unscientific allocation of resources and the poor entrepreneurial environment. Furthermore, the author points out that colleges and universities should improve from the aspects of discipline construction, culture cultivation, teachers' optimization and supervision and motivation, and at the same time, all walks of life should actively establish business incubators, expand market openness and change traditional concepts to support entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. The government should strengthen the policy support, perfect the incentive mechanism and perfect the legal system to provide the powerful guarantee for the university entrepreneurship education, the official, the property, the study three cooperation coordination, in order to complete as soon as possible the innovative entrepreneurial talented person output. To realize the scientific development of national economy and society.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38

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