论大学教育中的宽容尺度

发布时间：2018-03-19 19:36

本文选题：大学　切入点：宽容　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大学教育作为传播知识,培养人才的纵向高等教育,自历史以来都为人所重视和敬仰。尤其在当今知识经济时代,大学教育不管是作为新时代青年人实现完满人的重要精神平台,还是作为青年人成长为“职业人”的助推平台,大学教育的作用和功能已经为人们普遍认同和接受。但是,随着整个社会对经济增长的过度重视,对物质利益的极度追求,也导致了当前大学教育中宽容精神和理念异化的问题。宽容是建立在对人与世界的多样性、真理的相对性、认识真理的能力的有限性以及人性的复杂性、矛盾性的理性自觉基础上的达观明智的生活态度、行为方式和人生观。它融入了对社会、对人生、对世界和对人性的深刻思考,内蕴着丰富深刻的精神内涵。可是审视当代大学教育的具体实践活动,不难发现大学教育由于宽容尺度过宽而表现出的“放纵”、过严表现出的“压制”。如何改变这种现象,使大学教育一展才华、呈现特色与生机,是一个值得省思的问题。鉴于大学教育所承担的时代使命和历史责任,在社会问题复杂多样、层出不穷、大学教育中宽容尺度失当的处境下,强调当代大学教育中宽容尺度的张弛有度不仅不会显得多余,反而越显重要和必要。教育所要培养的人不是抽象的人,不是无价值内涵的人,人的具体性、生动性、独特性、不可重复性决定了教育对象的丰富性、多样性、差异性、矛盾性、复杂性和生成的无限可能性,因而,面对一个个鲜活的生命,大学教育应给所有的教育活动主体们创设一个宽容、宽松的发展空间,引导他们去充分地认识自我,张扬个性,完善人格,追求意义,提升精神,形成自己独特的生命风格,实现自己特有的生命价值,展现自己与众不同的人性光辉,书写自己独一无二的生命华章。鉴于此,我选择了“论大学教育中的宽容尺度”这一话题进行研究。论文包括四部分:本文尝试通过“解读---审视---生成---栖居”四步对其进行表征、归因,并试图提出相应对策与建议,试图使大学教育中的教育活动彰显宽容的精神及价值理念。第一章解读了宽容精神及价值理念对于大学的重要性即宽容之于大学教育何以必须。首先,从宽容的教育理论基础进行探讨,认为宽容在大学教育活动的具体实践中具有深厚的理论基础。其次,从宽容的教育价值内涵出发,探寻宽容精神及价值理念对于大学教育活动的作用。再次,从宽容的教育前提性分析大学教育活动中宽容的必要性,最后,基于以上三点宽容之于大学教育实践活动的必要性引出大学教育中的宽容需要尺度这一论点。第二章从学术尺度、思想尺度、交往尺度审视了当代中国大学教育场域中宽容尺度失当的现实表征,发现大学教育活动中存在学术异化、学术失信;思想规训、思想自由过度化;交往功利化、交往虚假化等基于宽容尺度把握失当而造成的违背宽容精神及价值理念的现象。第三章通过“外显---内生---自省”的逻辑思维方式探索出大学教育实践活动中宽容尺度把握失当的原因:首先,宽容尺度把握失当是由现实催生的,这是大学教育场中宽容尺度失当的主体制约;其次,大学教育场中宽容尺度失当是由历史惯性加剧的,这是其尺度失当的客体制约;再次,大学教育场中宽容尺度失当是由教育者主体们对宽容精神与价值理念认识偏差造成的,这是促发其尺度失当的本体制约。通过对大学教育场中宽容尺度失当现象进行“解读---审视---生成”的逻辑分析,第四章提出了栖居:走向实践形态的大学教育宽容尺度及其实现。具体分为三个部分:第一,从教育宽容尺度的把握应秉持尊重态度;教育宽容尺度的把握应遵循理解原则;教育宽容尺度的把握应执守理性与责任三个层面提出大学教育场域中宽容尺度把握的价值取向。第二,分别从“客体尺度---规范性尺度”、“主体性尺度---发展性尺度”提出走向实践形态的大学教育宽容尺度。最后,提出大学教育走向宽容的实践构想:首先要从学术之维、思想之维、交往之维树立宽容价值理念;然后,宽容尺度把握的具体实践要培养学术宽容的气质、营造自由和谐的宽容氛围、构建平等宽容的师生关系、构建宽松灵动的师生对话。
[Abstract]:The university education is the dissemination of knowledge, longitudinal higher education, its history, are recognized and respected. Especially in the era of knowledge economy, university education whether it is as a new era of young people realized the important spirit of people or as a platform, the growth of young people as the "occupation" to boost the platform, and the function of university education has been widely recognized and accepted. However, with the whole society pays too much attention to economic growth, excessive pursuit of material interests, but also led to the current university education in the spirit of tolerance and the concept of alienation. Tolerance is based on the diversity of people and the world, the relativity of truth. Understand the truth of the limitation of ability and the complexity of human nature, rational consciousness based on the contradiction of the intelligent and wise life attitude, behavior and values of life. It is integrated into the society of people To the world, and the profound reflection of human nature, contains rich and profound spiritual connotation. But the practice of examining the contemporary university education, university education is not difficult to find due to the tolerance scale too broad and exhibit "indulgence", too strict exhibit "repression". How to change this phenomenon, make the University show their talent education, and presents the characteristics of life, it is a reflection of the problem. Since the university education undertakes the mission of the times and historical responsibility, in the complicated social problems emerge in an endless stream, university education, tolerance scale improper situation, emphasizing the contemporary university education in tolerance scale the degree of relaxation is not redundant. It is important and necessary to cultivate people. Education is not abstract, not the value connotation of the people, the specific, vivid, unique, unrepeatable determines the object of education is rich Nature, diversity, difference, contradiction, infinite possibility, complexity and formation and thus face a fresh life, university education should be given to all the subjects of the education they create a tolerant, generous space for development, and guide them to fully realize self individuality, perfect personality, the pursuit of meaning. Enhance the spirit, form their own unique life style, to achieve their own value of life, show myself out of the ordinary humanity, the one and only write their own life. In view of this, I choose "on college education in tolerance scale on the topic of research. This paper consists of four parts: This paper attempts to interpret" - look - generation - dwelling "four step characterized attribution, and tries to put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, spirit and value idea of trying to make university education in the educational activities. The content of Zhang Xiankuan A chapter of interpretation of the spirit of tolerance and values for the importance of university education in university that tolerance must be. First, carries on the discussion from the education theory of tolerance, that has a profound theoretical basis practice tolerance in university education activities. Secondly, education value of lenient content, to explore the role of the spirit of tolerance and the value concept for university education activities. Thirdly, from the premise of the tolerance analysis of tolerance education the necessity of university education activities, finally, more than three points of tolerance in university education practice to lead university education in the need of this argument based on tolerance scale. In the second chapter, from the academic thought of scale, scale. Look at the reality of contemporary communication scale characterization of China University in the field of education, tolerance scale misconduct, found academic alienation, university education activities in academic dishonesty; ideological. Excessive training, freedom of thought; communication utility, communication of false tolerance caused by the improper grasp the scale based on the spirit of tolerance and values against the phenomenon. The third chapter through the "explicit - endogenous -- Introspection" logical thinking of university education practice tolerance grasp the scale of improper reasons: first of all, tolerance scale can't grasp it is real birth, this is the main body of the university education in the field of tolerance scale and improper restriction; secondly, university education in the field of tolerance scale misconduct is exacerbated by the historical inertia, this is the guest system about improper scale; thirdly, university education in the field of tolerance scale by students who is improper the spirit of tolerance and understanding the concept of value deviation, which is promoting the scale and improper constraints. Through the interpretation of "body - Review on university education in the field of production - tolerance scale improper phenomenon" The logic analysis, the fourth chapter puts forward the dwelling: towards practice form tolerance scale of university education and its implementation. It is divided into three parts: first, from education to grasp the scale of tolerance should uphold the attitude of respect; tolerance in education to grasp the scale should follow the principle of understanding education; tolerance to grasp the scale should keep the three aspects of rationality the value orientation of university education and responsibility in the field of tolerance to grasp the scale. Second, respectively from the "object - scale standard scale", "subjectivity scale - scale development" put forward to the practical form of university education tolerance scale. Finally, put forward the idea of university education to practice tolerance: first of all from the academic dimension of thought, establish communication dimension tolerance values; then, the practice of tolerance to grasp the scale of training academic tolerance temperament, create a free and harmonious atmosphere of tolerance, the construction of equal width Allow the relationship between teachers and students to build a relaxed and active dialogue between teachers and students.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G640

【参考文献】