中美法学专业学位研究生培养模式比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 17:11

本文选题：中美比较　切入点：法学专业学位　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着法治社会发展步伐的加快,法学专业学位研究生教育正不断被人们所熟知,并显现出强烈的发展势头,成为我国培养高层次法律实务人才的重要途径。美国是世界上较早开展法学专业学位研究生教育的国家,在其近两百年的发展历程中,培养出了大批优秀的法律工作者,积累了较为丰富的培养经验。他山之石,可以攻玉,中国法学专业学位研究生教育正处于发展的重要时期,对其培养模式进行研究和借鉴,具有较强的理论和现实意义。参考US News美国法学院排名和艾瑞深中国校友会网法学排名选取了耶鲁大学、哈佛大学、威廉·玛丽学院、中国人民大学和天津师范大学5所代表性高校,以这5所高校的法学专业学位研究生培养方案为研究对象,从专业学位研究生培养模式的六大构成要素——培养目标、招生入学、课程设置、专业实践、学业标准、质量保障出发,分别对其进行了研究。研究发现中美两国研究型大学的法学专业学位教育在考生入学成绩、各类课程数量、专业实践要求等方面均高于教学型大学。对中美5所代表性高校培养模式进行了对比分析,发现中美两国法学专业学位研究生培养存在着异同点。其中相同点有:两国培养目标中的职业定位相似,并突出了实践性特征;课程设置注重必修与选修的结合;将专业实践作为重要环节来抓,使之成为获得学位的必要条件;要求学生必须完成教学计划规定的课程,并至少达到最低学分要求;提供了内外部质量保障体系。不同点有:美国的招生制度注重对考生学习法律的能力和综合素质的考量,我国更注重法律知识和考试成绩的考量;两国在选修课、专业技能课、职业道德课的数量及类型方面有所差异;美国将专业实践融入到了日常课程设计中,我国是与课程分开的定期实践;美国无学位论文要求,更注重对学生的课程要求,而我国更注重学位论文的撰写,对课程的要求稍低;从两国内外部质量保障体系的规模、影响、规范等方面来看,美国更具优势。针对我国法学专业学位研究生培养模式自身存在的问题,借鉴了美国相关培养经验,并从完善入学考试制度、优化课程设置、不断强化专业实践、严格学业标准、建立健全的质量保障体系方面提出了建议。
[Abstract]:With the quickening of the pace of the development of the society ruled by law, graduate education of law major is becoming more and more familiar and has shown a strong momentum of development. It has become an important way to train high-level legal practitioners in our country. The United States is an early country in the world to develop graduate education in law major. In its nearly 200 years of development, it has trained a large number of outstanding legal workers. The author has accumulated rich training experience, the stone of other mountains, can attack jade, China law major graduate student education is in the important period of development, carries on the research and the reference to its training pattern, It is of great theoretical and practical significance. Referring to the US News ranking of American Law School and China Alumni Association of China Law ranking, Yale University, Harvard University, William Mary College, The five representative universities of Renmin University of China and Tianjin normal University, taking the training scheme of graduate students of law major in these five universities as the research object, recruit students from the six main elements of the training mode of professional degree graduate students, that is, the training target. The course setup, professional practice, academic standards and quality assurance are studied separately. The study found that the degree education of law major in the research universities of China and the United States has the scores of entering students and the number of courses of all kinds. The requirements of professional practice are higher than those of teaching-oriented universities. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the training models of five representative universities in China and the United States. It is found that there are similarities and differences in the training of graduate students of law major in China and the United States. Among them, the two countries' training objectives are similar in career orientation and prominent in practical features, and the curriculum design emphasizes the combination of compulsory and elective courses. Taking professional practice as an important link to make it a necessary condition for obtaining a degree requires students to complete the courses stipulated in the teaching plan and at least to meet the minimum credit requirements; It provides internal and external quality assurance systems. The differences are: the United States' enrollment system focuses on the examinee's ability and comprehensive quality to study the law, and our country pays more attention to the consideration of legal knowledge and examination results; the two countries are taking elective courses, professional skills courses, There are differences in the number and type of professional ethics courses; the United States integrates professional practice into the daily curriculum design, and our country is a regular practice separated from the curriculum; the United States has no degree thesis requirements, and pays more attention to the curriculum requirements of students. However, China pays more attention to the writing of degree papers and has lower requirements for courses. From the aspects of the scale, influence and standardization of the external quality assurance systems in the two countries, The United States has more advantages. In view of the problems existing in the training mode of the graduate student of law major in China, the author draws lessons from the relevant training experience of the United States, and from the aspects of perfecting the entrance examination system, optimizing the curriculum setting, and strengthening the professional practice, Strict academic standards, the establishment of a sound quality assurance system put forward suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G643

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