高等教育供给侧改革—人才培养问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 21:06

本文选题：高等教育　切入点：供给侧改革　出处：《内蒙古财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人口红利渐失和国家经济体制供给侧改革的大背景下,教育尤其是高等教育应主动承担起为我国经济的发展提供新的人口红利的艰巨任务。但目前高等教育人才培养的结构和社会需求脱节,劳动力市场上出现了“万人抢一个岗位”或者“有业不就”的结构性错位现象,出现了大量无法匹配市场需求的人才供给,产生了结构失衡、质量下滑、就业困难等诸多现实问题。这些问题抑制了高等教育的有效需求,同时有效需求的低迷加剧了有效供给的不足,从而呈现出有效需求和有效供给不足并存的矛盾形态。高等教育供给侧改革就是从供给层面入手,以解决这一结构性问题作为核心任务。高等院校作为人才培养的供给端,通过供给侧改革,大力培养技术技能型、创新型人才以适应市场需求,从而有效地解决结构性失业这一问题。高等教育供给侧改革对于深入实施创新驱动发展战略,创造新的人才红利,加快经济方式的转变、调整产业结构、促进产品升级,促进经济发展,供给侧改革具有十分重要的意义。本文主要从供给的角度出发,对我国高等教育结构质量方面的改革进行研究,力图为改善经济环境中人才供给方面提出一些有效的措施。文章中主要从供给侧改革层面对高等教育人才培养现状进行了剖析,同时通过问卷调查的方式找出高等教育人才供给与市场需求之间的矛盾与差异,并通过T检验验证了矛盾存在的真实性及其表现形式。最后,通过吸收和借鉴美国、德国以及日本三国对高等教育改革的先进经验,并结合我国当前的实际情况,提出了一些积极的建议。
[Abstract]:Against the backdrop of the gradual loss of the demographic dividend and the supply-side reform of the national economic system, Education, especially higher education, should take the initiative to provide a new demographic dividend for the economic development of our country. In the labor market, there has been a structural dislocation of "10,000 people snatching a job" or "having a job or not." there has been a large supply of talent that cannot match the market demand, resulting in a structural imbalance and a decline in quality. There are many practical problems, such as employment difficulties. These problems inhibit the effective demand for higher education, and at the same time, the downturn in effective demand exacerbates the shortage of effective supply. The supply-side reform of higher education starts from the supply side and takes solving this structural problem as the core task. Through the supply-side reform, we should train the technical skills and innovative talents in order to meet the market demand, thus effectively solve the problem of structural unemployment. The supply-side reform of higher education can further implement the strategy of innovation-driven development. It is of great significance to create new talents dividend, speed up the transformation of economic mode, adjust industrial structure, promote product upgrading, promote economic development, and reform on the supply side. This paper studies the reform of the structure and quality of higher education in China, and tries to put forward some effective measures to improve the supply of talents in the economic environment. In this paper, the present situation of talent training in higher education is analyzed from the aspect of supply-side reform. At the same time, the contradiction and difference between talent supply and market demand of higher education are found through questionnaire survey, and the authenticity and manifestation of contradiction are verified by T test. Finally, by absorbing and drawing lessons from the United States, The advanced experiences of Germany and Japan on the reform of higher education and the current situation of our country are discussed and some positive suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.2

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