本科生就业压力与择业效能感：社会支持和积极应对的中介作用

发布时间：2018-04-08 23:40

本文选题：本科生　切入点：就业压力　出处：《陕西师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前本科生广泛面临着巨大的就业压力,本文出发于本科生就业问题的现状,根据Bandura的自我效能理论,探索本科生择业效能感与就业压力、社会支持、积极应对之间的关系,来深层次挖掘干扰本科生就业的首要心理因素,并为指导本科生就业提出合理的建议。本研究采用龙燕梅修订的择业效能感简式量表、陈宇红编制的大学生就业压力问卷、肖水源编制的社会支持评定量表和解亚宁编制的简易应对方式问卷积极应对部分,对540名本科毕业生进行了问卷调研,其中男生266人,女生274人。通过研究得出如下结果：(1)在性别上,本科生就业压力、社会支持、积极应对有显著差别；在独生与否上,本科生就业压力、社会支持有显著差别；在专业上,积极应对、择业效能感有显著差别。(2)本科生就业压力、社会支持、应对方式、择业效能感两两有着密切的联系。就业压力与社会支持、积极应对和择业效能感呈显著负相关,社会支持、积极应对、择业效能感两两均呈显著正相关。(3)就业压力既可直接影响择业效能感,也可通过社会支持和积极应对的单独中介作用影响择业效能感,还可通过社会支持和积极应对的链式多重中介作用影响择业效能感,积极应对和社会支持在就业压力与择业效能感之间发挥链式多重中介作用。根据以上的研究结果,我们建议社会各界应广泛关注本科生就业问题,动员个人、家庭、学校及社会形成一个完整的体系,加强各个体系之间的交流,通过提升学生个人形成积极的态度来解决各种问题,鼓励并呼吁家庭、学校及社会为学生提供全面的社会支持,并倡导学生充分利用这种社会支持,为自己缓解就业压力提供一定的帮助。同时,学校及社会各界应经常开展各种就业实践活动,比如积极为学生提供就业实践机会,提升学生的实践操作和应用能力；积极开展各种就业讲座,邀请有经验的各界人士通过讲述自己的亲身经历为学生提供借鉴和学习的机会；有效开展各种求职、工作沙龙,提高学生的应聘、面试能力,加强学生职业技能操作等方式,从实践应用的方面帮助本科生更为有效的缓解就业压力,同时加强学生的择业效能感,充分发挥社会支持和积极应对在其中发挥的多重中介作用。
[Abstract]:At present, undergraduates are facing enormous employment pressure. Based on Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, this paper explores the relationship between undergraduates' sense of self-efficacy and employment pressure, social support and positive coping.The main psychological factors which interfere with the employment of undergraduates are excavated deeply, and some reasonable suggestions are put forward to guide the employment of undergraduates.This study adopts Longyan Mei's revised simple scale of job selection efficacy, Chen Yuhong's questionnaire on college students' employment pressure, Xiao's Social support rating scale and Yanning's simple coping style questionnaire.A questionnaire survey was conducted among 540 undergraduate graduates, including 266 boys and 274 girls.The results are as follows: (1) in terms of gender, there are significant differences in employment pressure, social support, and positive coping among undergraduates; in terms of whether they are single or not, there are significant differences in employment pressure and social support for undergraduates; and in professional, positive coping.There is a significant difference in the sense of job selection efficacy. 2) there is a close relationship between employment pressure, social support, coping style and job choice efficacy of undergraduates.Employment pressure had a significant negative correlation with social support, positive coping and job selection efficacy. Social support, positive coping and job selection efficacy were both significantly positively correlated.) Employment pressure could directly affect the sense of job selection efficacy.It can also affect the sense of job selection efficacy through the social support and the individual intermediary role of positive coping, and can also influence the sense of job selection efficacy through the chain multiple intermediary role of social support and positive coping.Positive coping and social support play a chain role between employment pressure and job selection efficacy.Based on the above research results, we suggest that all sectors of society should pay more attention to the employment of undergraduates, mobilize individuals, families, schools and society to form a complete system to strengthen the communication between the various systems.To solve problems by promoting positive individual attitudes among students, encouraging and calling on families, schools and society to provide comprehensive social support to students, and advocating students to take full advantage of such social support,For themselves to ease the pressure of employment to provide some help.At the same time, schools and all sectors of society should often carry out various practical employment activities, such as actively providing students with employment practice opportunities, improving students' practical operation and application ability, actively conducting various employment lectures,Invite experienced people from all walks of life to provide students with opportunities for reference and study by telling their own experiences; effectively carry out various job applications, job salons, improve students' job applications, interview skills, and strengthen students' vocational skills, etc.From the aspect of practical application, it helps undergraduates to relieve employment pressure more effectively, at the same time, strengthen students' sense of job selection efficacy, and give full play to social support and positive response to the multiple intermediary role in it.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G647.38

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