高等教育视角下的“占领华尔街运动”

发布时间：2018-10-11 06:53

【摘要】：美国高等教育自上世纪70年代就已经步入了普及化阶段,接收高等教育的人数已经超过了50%。受阿拉伯之春的影响,在2011年9月17日的这一天,“占领华尔街运动”在美国纽约爆发。参加“占领华尔街运动”的人群主要以中青年人为主,这些年轻人大多接收过美国高等教育,其中,在校大学生和刚毕业不久的年轻人占了重要部分。美国高等教育自二战以来发展最为迅速。美国的一流名校在世界高校排名中占尽明显优势,许多国内外大学生都以能就读美国大学自豪,正是这些来自美国各高校的青年学生纷纷走进抗议队伍。历经一个月,“占领大学”和“占领高校”的呼声席卷全美境内70多所高校,大学成了“占领华尔街运动”的重要场地。在“占领华尔街运动”中,大学生表达的诉求主要集中在学费上涨、债务过高以及就业困难这三方面。与此同时,高校教师的呼声也不容忽视,他们通过横幅、喊口号、朗诵和演讲等方式抗议他们遭到的不公,比如终身教授制取消、工作量增加、福利待遇减少、教师工会被攻击等。对于“占领华尔街运动”,学界的观点不一,绝大部分支持运动的进行,因为当前美国高等教育确实存在这些问题,急需当局政府采取措施解决,另有少部分人觉得这是一场没有价值甚至毫无组织的闹剧。本文首先介绍了“占领华尔街运动”的整体背景,从中概括出“占领华尔街运动”的美国高等教育原因:高等教育经费非透明化、高等教育质量下降、高校管理遭到企业化侵袭。紧接着从高校学生和教师两大群体陈述了高等教育诉求,重点归纳了这场运动给美国高等教育带来了哪些影响,主要从大学生择业、高校就业指导机构、教育经费的渠道、教师制度改革等方面进行描述。最后,通过对这场运动的研究得出结论,结合中国当前高等教育的某些现状和问题,给予一定的警示。
[Abstract]:American higher education has entered the stage of popularization since the 1970s, and the number of people receiving higher education has exceeded 50. The Occupy Wall Street movement erupted in New York on September 17, 2011, under the influence of the Arab Spring. The Occupy Wall Street movement is dominated by young people, most of whom have received higher education in the United States. Higher education in the United States has grown most rapidly since World War II. The top universities in the United States have an obvious advantage in the world ranking of universities. Many students at home and abroad are proud to be able to attend American universities. It is these young students from American colleges and universities who have entered the protest ranks. Over the past month, calls for "Occupy Universities" and "Occupy Colleges" have swept through more than 70 colleges across the country, making them an important venue for the Occupy Wall Street movement. In the Occupy Wall Street movement, college students focused on higher tuition fees, too much debt and job difficulties. At the same time, the voice of university teachers is not to be ignored. They protest against the injustice they have suffered through banners, slogans, recitations and speeches, such as the abolition of the tenure system, the increase in workload and the reduction of welfare benefits. The teachers' union was attacked, etc. For the Occupy Wall Street Movement, the academic community has different views. The overwhelming majority support the movement, because these problems do exist in higher education in the United States at present, and it is urgent for the authorities to take measures to solve them. Others consider it to be a farce that has no value or even no organization. This paper first introduces the overall background of the Occupy Wall Street Movement, and summarizes the reasons for the Occupy Wall Street Movement's American higher education: the opacity of higher education funds, the decline of higher education quality. The management of colleges and universities has been attacked by enterprises. Then, it states the demands of higher education from the two groups of college students and teachers, focusing on the influence of this movement on American higher education, mainly from the channels of college students' career selection, college employment guidance institutions, and educational funds. The teacher system reform and other aspects are described. Finally, through the research of this movement, the author draws a conclusion and gives some warning combining with the current situation and problems of China's higher education.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.712

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