家庭资本对高等教育机会获得的影响研究

发布时间：2019-01-14 08:43

【摘要】：随着高等教育扩招政策的实施,我国高等教育事业发展迅速,已经从精英教育步入大众化教育阶段,整个高等教育系统呈现多样化趋势。高等教育大众化在很大程度上满足了广大人民群众日益增长的接受高等教育需要,有效缓和了高等教育供需矛盾。然而,高等教育规模扩大、高等教育入学机会增长并不意味着高等教育公平问题得到解决,在媒体舆论报道中常看到诸如:处于精英阶层家庭的子女更容易上大学、有钱人家的孩子上大学更容易、“寒门再难出贵子”等消息。在这样的背景下,需要重新审视高等教育公平问题,思考看似数量增加的高等教育机会被谁获得了?有限的优质高等教育资源又被谁获得了?哪些因素影响着高等教育机会的获得?本研究在文化资本理论、社会资本理论基础上,将可能影响高等教育机会获得的家庭资本划分为家庭经济资本、家庭文化资本、家庭社会资本三个维度、多个指标,运用自编调查问卷和访谈提纲作为测量工具,对重庆市十所不同层次类型的高等院校学生进行抽样调查和访谈,采用定性与定量研究相结合、文献与实地调研材料相结合的方法,了解分析家庭资本对高等教育机会获得的影响情况。在对所获数据和材料进行分析后,发现:家庭资本对个体高等教育机会的获得产生重要影响,其中家庭经济资本中的收入要素、家庭文化资本中的父母受教育程度要素、家庭社会资本中的父母职业阶层要素,对学生获得高等教育机会影响最深刻,拥有较多家庭资本的学生在高等教育机会获得竞争中拥有更多优势。对于社会公平与正义的追求永远是整个社会的主流价值观。“教育作为实现社会流动的主要手段,教育公平是社会公平的基石。”为逐步消弭家庭资本对高等教育机会获得的负面影响,提出四条建议:改革收费制度,灵活收费标准;倡导终身学习,重视家庭教育;促进社会阶层流动,加强底层社会关怀;重视教育积累作用,建立基础教育补偿制度。本文的研究是一种尝试性探索,希望能够以此为基础,在以后的研究中不断地进行深化。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of the policy of enrollment expansion of higher education, the cause of higher education in our country has developed rapidly, which has moved from elite education to popular education, and the whole higher education system is showing a diversified trend. To a great extent, the popularization of higher education meets the increasing needs of the people to receive higher education and effectively alleviates the contradiction between supply and demand of higher education. However, the expansion of higher education and the increase in access to higher education do not mean that the issue of equity in higher education is being resolved. Media reports often show that children from elite families are more likely to go to college. It is easier for children with money to go to college. In this context, we need to re-examine the issue of higher education equity, thinking that the number of opportunities for higher education seems to have been increased by whom? Who has obtained the limited resources of high quality higher education? What factors affect access to higher education opportunities? Based on the theory of cultural capital and the theory of social capital, this study divides the family capital which may affect the opportunity of higher education into three dimensions: family economic capital, family cultural capital and family social capital. By using self-made questionnaire and interview outline as a measuring tool, a sample survey and interview were conducted on ten college students of different levels in Chongqing, and the qualitative and quantitative studies were combined. This paper analyzes the influence of family capital on access to higher education by combining literature with field research materials. After analyzing the data and materials obtained, it is found that family capital has an important impact on the access to individual higher education opportunities, including the income factor in the family economic capital, the parental education level factor in the family cultural capital. The factors of the parents' professional class in the family social capital have the most profound influence on the students' access to higher education. The students with more family capital have more advantages in the competition of higher education opportunities. The pursuit of social fairness and justice is the mainstream value of the whole society. "as the main means to realize social mobility, education equity is the cornerstone of social equity." In order to gradually eliminate the negative impact of family capital on the opportunities of higher education, four suggestions are put forward: reforming the charging system, flexible charging standards, advocating lifelong learning, attaching importance to family education, promoting social class mobility and strengthening social care at the bottom; Pay attention to the role of education accumulation, establish a basic education compensation system. The research of this paper is a kind of tentative exploration, hoping to take this as the foundation, carry on the deepening unceasingly in the future research.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.2

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