北朝学制研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 05:16

本文关键词： 北朝学校制度教育人员教育内容教育方法学校管理　出处：《吉林大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公元386年到公元581年在中国北方出现了北魏、东魏、西魏、北齐、北周五个王朝,是中国历史上的北朝时期。本文对北朝学校制度所涉及到的学校设置、教育人员、教育内容、教育方法、学校管理等方面内容进行了论述。全文共分为下列几个主要的部分：前言部分,包括研究对象的界定、前人研究的总结和写作思路的阐述等内容,是本文研究的基础。第一章,论述了北朝时期中央官学、地方官学和私学三类学校的设置情况。北朝时期中央官学按照其发展特点可以分为北魏前期、北魏后期和东西对峙时期等三个时期。中央官学的设立、类型、规模、分布等问题是本章探讨的重要问题。北朝时期形成了完整的地方官学体系。地方官学体系构成与规模等问题也是本文所探讨的问题。在北朝时期国家一度颁布了禁止私学的诏令,然而北魏后期以来,私学却得到了恢复发展。本章还探讨了私学类型与规模等问题。第二章,以北朝时期的教育人员为研究对象,探讨了教学活动中的老师和学生的情况。北朝时期教育活动中的教育者包括官学中的学官和私学中的教授者。本章通过分类研究,进而探讨了官学学官的类别、选任、待遇；私学教授者的类别、教学与收入等问题。北朝时期教学活动中的受教育者可以统称为诸生,既包括在官学之中求学之人也包括在私学之中求学之人。诸生的入学、求学、师生关系、结束学业后的出路等问题都是本章探讨的重要问题。第三章,论述了北朝时期的教育内容与教育方法。北朝时期的教育内容包括蒙学阶段的教育内容、学术教育内容和专业教育内容三个方面。在北朝时期的蒙学阶段。诸生主要学习《急就章》、《孝经》、《论语》等内容。这一时期学校教育的主要内容为五经为代表的儒家经典文献。玄学与佛学对于学校教育内容都产生了影响。在北朝时期也存在着各种专门教育的教学内容。北朝时期的教育者在教育的工作中所采用的讲诵法、问答法与辩难法、正面引导与反面惩戒法也是本章所探讨的问题。第四章,探讨了北朝时期学校管理的机构和管理规定情况。北朝时期学校管理机构主要包括太常寺、中书省和国子寺等机构。北朝时期管理学校的法令是《学令》。本章也探讨了学令的形成过程和内容,进而论述了北朝时期对于中央官学和地方官学的管理规定。结语部分,则是对本文论述内容的总结。此外在写作过程中收集、整理的资料列成表格作为附录附于文章最后以供参考。
[Abstract]:In the year 386 to the year 581 in the North China appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty Five Dynasties and Northern Dynasties is China history. This paper of the northern school system involved in school settings, educators, educational content, educational methods, school management and other aspects are discussed. The full text is divided into the following main parts:
The preface, including the definition of the object of study, the summary of previous studies and the elaboration of the thinking of writing, is the basis of this study.
The first chapter discusses the Northern Dynasties of central government, local government schools and three schools of private schools set up.
The Northern Dynasties Central School in accordance with the characteristics of its development can be divided into three periods of the early Northern Wei Dynasty, the late Northern Wei Dynasty and east-west confrontation period. The establishment of a central government school type, scale, distribution is an important problem in this chapter. The Northern Dynasties formed a complete local school system. Local school system and scale other issues are also discussed in this paper. In the Northern Dynasties country was promulgated a ban on private schools since the late Northern Wei Dynasty Dahir, however, the private school has been restored. This chapter also discusses the type and scale of private school.
In the second chapter, the teachers and students in the teaching activities are discussed in the Northern Dynasties.
Educational activities in Northern Dynasties including education in public school and private school in the school professor. This chapter through the classification, and then discusses the background of the official school categories, selection, treatment; Professor of private school the class, teaching and income. Education teaching activities in the Northern Dynasties as for all students, both in the official school were also included in the private school. The students of the school, study, teacher-student relationship, academic problems end outlet after all is an important problem in this chapter.
In the third chapter, the educational contents and methods of the Northern Dynasties were discussed.
The content of education educational content in the Northern Dynasties including the elementary stage, the three aspects of academic education and professional education in the elementary stage of the Northern Dynasties. The students mainly learn. < < > > haste, filial piety, "the Analects of Confucius > content. The main content in this period of schooling is Wujing as the representative of the Confucian classic literature metaphysics and Buddhism. The school education will be affected. In the Northern Dynasties there are all kinds of special education teaching contents. The Northern Dynasties education adopted in the education work in telling method, method and structure method, positive guidance and negative punishment of law is also in this chapter.
The fourth chapter discusses the regulations and regulations of the school management in the Northern Dynasties.
The school management mechanism mainly includes Taichangsi, Zhongshusheng and public institutions such as the Northern Dynasties temple. School management law is the ". This chapter also discusses the formation process and content, and then discusses the Northern Dynasties for the central government and local officials, the management rules.
The concluding part is the summary of the contents discussed in this paper. Besides, the collected and arranged data in the process of writing are tabled as an appendix to the end of the article for reference.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K239.2;G529

【引证文献】