教育的城乡不平等及其后果——基于上海、浙江和福建的家庭调查研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 05:05

本文选题：教育环境　切入点：教育城乡不平等　出处：《上海经济研究》2012年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：学校教育是培育人力资本的重要途径,而基础教育则是高等教育的基石。中小学教育在很大程度上决定了一个人最终的受教育程度及其相应的教育回报,故而中小学教育环境的差异将导致教育成就的不同,从而导致人力资本水平的差异,进而造成收入的不同。本文利用基于上海、浙江和福建的家庭动态调查数据,从个体求学经历的角度分析了城乡不同教育环境下人们的教育成就差异,也探讨了教育的性别差异等问题。研究结果表明,教育的城乡不平等是造成城乡之间教育成就差异的最主要原因。回归分析表明,在城市教育环境下,人们的教育成就会明显提升。相反,在农村教育环境下,人们的教育成就显著降低。而且教育成就越高,越依赖于教育环境。从时代变迁的角度来看,城乡教育的不平等在五六十年代有所缓解,但七十年代以来有加剧的趋势,小城市和城郊农村的教育发展迅速,人们的教育成就显著提高。因此,消除教育的城乡不平等,应当加强农村教育环境的建设,增加农村教育资源的配给,为农村教育发展提供充足的经费保障,从而有效地提高农村教育成就。
[Abstract]:School education is an important way to cultivate human capital, while basic education is the cornerstone of higher education. To a large extent, primary and secondary education determines a person's ultimate education level and its corresponding educational return. Therefore, the difference of educational environment in primary and secondary schools will lead to the difference of educational achievement, which will lead to the difference of human capital level and the difference of income. This paper makes use of the household dynamic survey data based on Shanghai, Zhejiang and Fujian. From the perspective of individual education experience, this paper analyzes the difference of people's educational achievement in different educational environments in urban and rural areas, as well as the gender differences in education. The results show that, The inequality of urban and rural education is the most important reason for the difference of educational achievement between urban and rural areas. Regression analysis shows that in urban education environment, people's educational success will be significantly improved. On the contrary, in rural educational environment, People's educational achievements have decreased significantly. Moreover, the higher the educational achievements, the more dependent they are on the educational environment. From the point of view of the changes of the times, the inequality in education between urban and rural areas has eased in the 1950s and 1960s, but there has been an increasing trend since the 1970s. Education in small cities and rural suburbs has developed rapidly, and people's educational achievements have improved significantly. Therefore, in order to eliminate the inequality between urban and rural areas in education, we should strengthen the construction of the rural educational environment and increase the allocation of rural educational resources. To provide sufficient funds for the development of rural education, so as to effectively improve the achievements of rural education.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所;
【分类号】：G521

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