余家菊乡村教育思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 23:21

本文选题：余家菊 + 乡村教育思想　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：余家菊是我国近代知名的教育家和社会活动家。他平生著作等身，有关教育方面的文字就达到百万余字，能够针对教育的中国近现代进程中的实际，发表自己独到的见解，对于中国近现代教育史的贡献颇多、影响深远，尤其是首倡“乡村教育”一语，得到了社会各界的广泛认同。余家菊是最早指出乡村教育存在危机的教育家，他致力于乡村教育理论的研究工作，在逐步深入研究的基础之上形成了他特有的乡村教育思想体系。余氏认为“乡村教育已经破了产”、“乡村教育事业大家都不愿意去干”，为此指出乡村教育的发展要朝向一是“向师范学校去运动”，二是“向乡村学校去运动”，三是“向一般社会去运动”。之后，余氏在时代变迁的过程中之不断丰富自己的思想，其撰写的《乡村教育通论》一书，堪称他的理论精髓，，其中囊括对乡村教育的主体地位、三大目的、四大体系，以及全民接受教育的主张和一些成功的经验，这些都是我们值得学习和借鉴的地方。虽然余氏的教育思想难免有一定的历史局限性，但是他的乡村教育思想中闪耀着很多智慧的光芒，对于当今乡村教育的建设仍有可借鉴的地方。为此，重新评价余家菊的功过是非曲直，于古于今都有着深远的影响。本文的文章组成框架除了前言部分和结论部分，主要包括了三个大的研究体系，第一部分主要叙述的是余家菊生活的时代背景和生平简介，当时的社会的动荡不安，千疮百孔，内忧外患，外受帝国主义侵华势力的扩张，内受军阀混战的不安，民不聊生，尤其是北洋政府的各种丑闻让民主人士对民主失去信心，把希望转移到民众下层，却看到的乡村教育不堪其忧，乡村人才被城市抽空，余家菊发出了教育危机的第一声，振聋发聩，并得到了同仁的支持，加上教育期刊的着力推进，大批的知识分子纷纷涌现出来，掀起一场声势浩大的运动。第二部分主要是概述余家菊的乡村教育思想，使人们对余氏有个大致的了解，从余氏的角度对乡村教育的实质和涵义进行界定，再是余氏对乡村教育的现状的认识和存在的问题以及具体的实施方向，最后对余家菊的理论成果——《乡村教育通论》进行论述，对它的主体地位、三大目的、学制系统以及全民接受教育的主张进行论述，从而发现余氏教育思想的闪光点，此外，余家菊也提出了关于乡村教育开展的一些具体作法，比如创立乡村实验学校、设置乡村教育、组建乡村教育运动团等都对乡村教育问题的改善有着很好的裨益。第三部分主要是对余氏乡村教育思想所具有的特质进行一定层次上的梳理，随着国家主义教育思想的逐步深入，同他的乡村教育思想呈现出了一定程度的交叉和两难，为此本文要在本着实事求是的态度对余氏乡村教育思想的贡献和局限性予以客观公正的评价。
[Abstract]:Yujiazu is a famous educator and social activist in modern China. In his lifetime, he had copyright, and his words on education reached more than one million characters. He was able to express his own unique views on the reality of the modern and modern process of education in China. He contributed a lot to the history of modern education in China and had a profound impact on it. In particular, the term "rural education" has been widely recognized by all walks of life. Yu Jiazu was the first educator to point out the crisis in rural education. He devoted himself to the research of rural education theory and formed his unique rural education thought system on the basis of gradual and in-depth research. Yu believes that "rural education has become obsolete" and that "no one in rural education is willing to do it." for this reason, he pointed out that the development of rural education should be directed towards "moving to normal schools" and "moving to rural schools." The third is to "move to the general society." Later, Yu enriched his thoughts in the course of the change of the times. His book "General Theory of Rural Education" was called the essence of his theory, which included the main position of rural education, three purposes and four systems. And the idea of universal access to education and some successful experiences are all worth learning and learning from. Although Yu's educational thought inevitably has certain historical limitation, but his rural education thought sparkles a lot of wisdom ray, still has the reference place to the present countryside education construction. To this end, the re-evaluation of the merits and wrongs of Yu Jiaju, in ancient times and now have a profound impact. In addition to the foreword and the conclusion, the composition of this article mainly includes three major research systems. The first part mainly describes the background of Yu's life and a brief introduction of her life. The internal and external troubles, the expansion of the imperialist forces against China, the unease of the internal war between the warlords and the infighting among the people, especially the various scandals of the Beiyang government, have led the democratic people to lose confidence in democracy and to shift their hopes to the lower strata of the people. However, they saw that rural education was very worrisome. Rural talents were given time in the city. Yu Jiazu made the first sound of the education crisis, which was startling, and received the support of his colleagues, together with the efforts of educational journals to promote it. A large number of intellectuals emerged one after another, setting off a huge movement. The second part mainly summarizes Yu Jiaju's rural education thought, makes people have a general understanding of Yu, and defines the essence and meaning of rural education from Yu's angle. Then it is Yu's understanding of the current situation of rural education, the existing problems and the specific implementation direction. Finally, the author discusses Yu's theoretical achievement, "General Theory of Rural Education", and discusses its main position and three major purposes. By discussing the system of schooling and the idea of receiving education for the whole people, Yu Jiazu found the bright spot of Yu's educational thinking. In addition, Yu also put forward some concrete ways to carry out rural education, such as the establishment of rural experimental schools. Setting up rural education and setting up rural education movement are very beneficial to the improvement of rural education. The third part is mainly to sort out the characteristics of Yu's rural education thought at a certain level. With the gradual deepening of nationalism educational thought, it presents a certain degree of crossover and dilemma with his rural education thought. Therefore, this paper aims at objectively and fairly evaluating the contribution and limitation of Yu's rural education thought in the attitude of seeking truth from facts.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G40

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