城乡义务教育均衡发展的研究：以成都为例

发布时间：2018-05-27 02:38

本文选题：义务教育 + 城乡统筹　；参考：《西南财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现代社会中,义务教育对整个国民经济和社会发展有着无可替代的基础性作用,在各国都被当作一项公民应当享有的基本公共权力和必须履行的基本义务,由国家强制推行。各国政府有责任促进义务教育公平均等供给和均衡化发展。我国一直关注义务教育的发展,但义务教育在均衡发展方面仍存在着许多不足。改革开放三十多年来,义务教育的城乡差距已经影响到我国经济社会的健康发展。而造成这种差距的主要原因,一是城乡分割的二元经济社会管理体制；二是特殊时期的差别化发展战略；三是不合理的财政分权体制；四是市场调节的自发结果。如何缓解我国城乡义务教育非均衡发展的问题,促进城乡义务教育供给的合理公平,是我国政府当前必须面对的问题。成都市从2003年开始进行统筹城乡义务教育均衡发展的改革,积累了丰富的经验,并逐渐形成了具有地方特色、符合本地实际的义务教育发展模式。2007年国务院批准成都市设立“全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区”,在城乡一体化改革发展进程中,成都市又推出多项改革、进行多次调整、进行重点建设,大力巩固农村义务教育发展成果,缩小城乡间义务教育差距,全市城乡义务教育呈现出均衡、协调发展的良好态势。值得对其发展模式进行总结和研究。本文研究的主要目的是通过梳理、总结成都市在缩小城乡义务教育差距、统筹城乡义务教育发展方面的政策措施,归纳其特点,提炼出具有成都特色的“成都模式”,并在此基础上进行绩效评价,总结成果,发现问题,提出改进建议。最后结合造成我国义务教育非均衡发展的原因进行拓展,提出成都模式对我国城乡义务教育均衡发展改革的有益启示。本文正文共分为五个部分。第一部分对义务教育均衡发展的理论基础进行回顾。首先,对本文涉及到的“义务教育”“城”“乡”“义务教育均衡发展’等概念进行定义、内涵和范畴的界定。之后,从公共产品理论的角度分析了义务教育的公共品属性,提出政府干预义务教育供给的必要性和义务教育的主要供给方式；从公平正义论的角度分析了义务教育供给公平的重要意义；从教育市场失灵和政府失灵理论的角度分析了义务教育均衡供给中市场配置和政府干预有效结合的重要性。第二部分在回顾我国义务教育经历的发展阶段基础上,描述当前义务教育非均衡化发展的现状,并探讨其产生的原因。首先回顾建国以来城乡义务教育经历的低水平均等、差距显现、差距拉大和差距逐渐缩小的四个阶段。接下来从经费支出、师资力量、办学条件、升学率等方面描述我国城乡义务教育间存在的差距。之后,对造成我国义务教育城乡差距的原因进行分析,提出造成我国城乡义务教育非均衡发展的深层次原因是城乡分割的二元经济社会结构;直接原因是义务教育经费投入不足；历史原因是人为制定的义务教育差别化发展方略；市场原因是市场机制运行中存在的“马太效应”。第三部分对成都模式进行一个较为全面的阐述。介绍成都模式的发展背景、目标及思路、主要政策措施及效果,并归纳其特点。首先从义务教育和地区经济发展方面介绍成都市城乡义务教育均衡发展改革的背景。接下来介绍成都市促进城乡义务教育均衡发展的目标、思路和发展规划。之后从义务教育保障范围、办学条件、教师队伍建设和相关配套管理制度四个方面梳理成都市出台的政策措施和效果。最后从政策措施中提炼出成都模式的主要特点,并对其进行定义和小结,认为成都模式即以义务教育城乡一体化为目标、以集中化和多样化发展为手段、以管理制度改革完善为保障,通过政府财政扶持的农村义务教育发展能力提升和政府引导的城乡交流互动,城乡统筹、“以城带乡”的义务教育均衡发展模式。第四部分对成都模式进行绩效评价,在其基础上提出当前发展中存在的问题,并针对问题提出进一步改进的政策建议。综合运用多种统计分析方法,结合《成都市校际均衡发展监测报告》的基尼系数分析,从成都市义务教育发展的各个方面,对“成都模式”进行绩效评价。提出成都市在义务教育集中化、均衡度、财政保障和办学体制方面存在的一些问题,并提出相应的政策建议。第五部分从成都扩展到全国,提出“成都模式”对我国促进城乡义务教育均衡发展的几点启示。包括打破城乡二元管理体制、完善相关管理制度、完善财政保障机制、处理好义务教育供给中政府与市场的关系。本文的主要贡献是,当前对某一地区促进城乡义务教育均衡发展的政策措施进行实证研究并系统总结其发展模式的研究比较少。本文从城乡义务教育均衡发展的角度出发,分析总结成都市促进城乡义务教育均衡发展的政策措施并提炼其发展模式,在研究其特点和问题的基础上提出完善建议,并提出其对全国的启示。是我国当前城乡义务教育均衡发展研究的一个补充。
[Abstract]:In modern society, compulsory education has an irreplaceable basic role in the whole national economy and social development. In all countries, it is regarded as the basic public power and basic obligations to be fulfilled by a citizen. It is forced by the state. The government has the responsibility to promote the equal supply and balanced development of compulsory education.
China has always paid attention to the development of compulsory education, but there are still many shortcomings in the balanced development of compulsory education. Over the past thirty years, the gap between urban and rural areas of compulsory education has affected the healthy development of our country's economy and society. The main reason for this gap is the two yuan economic and social management system divided by urban and rural areas; two It is the differential development strategy of the special period; three is the irrational fiscal decentralization system; the four is the spontaneous result of the market regulation. How to alleviate the unbalanced development of the compulsory education in urban and rural areas in our country and promote the rational and fair supply of compulsory education in urban and rural areas is the problem that our government must face at present.
From 2003, Chengdu began to reform the balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas, accumulated rich experience, and gradually formed the compulsory education development model which has local characteristics and accords with the local reality. In.2007, the State Council approved the establishment of the "national integrated urban and rural comprehensive supporting reform test area" in Chengdu, and the integration reform in urban and rural areas. In the process of development, the city of Chengdu has introduced a number of reforms, carried out a number of adjustments, carried out the key construction, strengthened the rural compulsory education development results and narrowed the gap between urban and rural compulsory education. The urban and rural compulsory education in urban and rural areas showed a balanced and coordinated development. It is worth summarizing and studying its development model.
The main purpose of this study is to summarize the policies and measures of reducing the gap between urban and rural compulsory education and coordinating the development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas in Chengdu. The characteristics are summed up and the "Chengdu model" with Chengdu characteristics is extracted. On this basis, the performance evaluation is carried out, the results are summarized, the problems are found and suggestions for improvement are put forward. Finally, some suggestions for improvement are put forward. Finally, the suggestions for improvement are put forward. Combined with the reasons for the unbalanced development of compulsory education in China, this paper puts forward the beneficial enlightenment of the Chengdu model to the balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas.
The text of this article is divided into five parts. The first part reviews the theoretical basis of balanced development of compulsory education. First, it defines the concept of "compulsory education" "compulsory education" "town" "balanced development of compulsory education", and defines its connotation and category. After that, it analyzes the compulsory education from the perspective of public product theory. The property of the public goods is raised, the necessity of the supply of compulsory education for government intervention and the main supply mode of compulsory education are put forward. From the angle of fairness and justice, the important significance of the supply of compulsory education is analyzed, and the market allocation and the government's work in the balanced supply of compulsory education are analyzed from the point of view of the failure of the education market and the theory of government failure. The importance of pre - effective combination.
The second part, on the basis of reviewing the development stage of compulsory education in China, describes the current situation of the unbalanced development of compulsory education and its causes. First, it reviews the low water average of the compulsory education in urban and rural areas since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the gap appears, the gap widening and the gap gradually narrowing in the four stages. The gap between urban and rural compulsory education in China is described in terms of expenditure, teachers, school conditions and higher education rate. After that, the reasons for the gap between urban and rural areas in China's compulsory education are analyzed, and the deep reason that causes the unbalanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas is the two yuan economic and social structure divided by urban and rural areas; the direct reason is the meaning of justice. The investment of educational funds is insufficient; the historical reason is the development strategy of the differentiated development of compulsory education by human beings; the market reason is the Matthew effect in the operation of the market mechanism.
The third part makes a more comprehensive exposition of the Chengdu model, introduces the development background of the Chengdu model, aims and ideas, the main policy measures and effects, and summarizes its characteristics. First, it introduces the background of the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education in Chengdu from the aspects of compulsory education and regional economic development. The following is to introduce the promotion of Chengdu city. The goal, thinking and development plan of the balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas, and then from four aspects of the scope of compulsory education, the conditions of running schools, the construction of teachers and the relevant supporting management system, the policy and effect of the Chengdu city are combed. Finally, the main characteristics of the Chengdu model are extracted from the policy and measures, and the definition and the definition are also given. The conclusion is that the Chengdu model is aimed at the integration of compulsory education and urban and rural areas, with centralized and diversified development as the means, the reform and improvement of the management system as the guarantee, the promotion of the rural compulsory education development ability and the government guided urban and rural communication interaction through the government financial support, the balance between urban and rural areas and the balance of compulsory education in urban and rural areas Development model.
The fourth part of the Chengdu model performance evaluation, on the basis of the current development of the existing problems, and put forward to further improve the policy recommendations. Comprehensive use of a variety of statistical analysis methods, combined with the "Chengdu inter school balanced development monitoring report >" the Gini coefficient analysis, from Chengdu compulsory education development of each side. The performance evaluation of the "Chengdu model" is carried out. Some problems in the centralization of compulsory education, the degree of balance, the financial security and the system of running a school in Chengdu are put forward, and the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward.
The fifth part, extending from Chengdu to the whole country, puts forward some enlightenment on the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education by "Chengdu model", including breaking the urban and rural two yuan management system, perfecting the relevant management system, perfecting the financial guarantee mechanism, and dealing with the relationship between the government and the market in the supply of compulsory education.
The main contribution of this article is that the current research on the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education in a certain region and the systematic summary of its development model are relatively few. From the perspective of balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education, this paper analyzes and summarizes the policies and measures to promote the balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas in Chengdu and proposes the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education. It is a supplement to the study of the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education in China at present, and put forward the suggestions on the basis of its characteristics and problems and put forward its enlightenment to the whole country.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G522.3

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