中国对非洲智力援助：理论、成效与对策

发布时间：2018-06-18 14:38

本文选题：中国 + 非洲　；参考：《南京农业大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：中国对非洲国家的援助始于1956年,半个多世纪的中非关系发展史表明,基于真诚相待、平等互利基础上的对非洲援助是推动中非关系不断发展的动力,是维系中非友谊的重要纽带。非洲是当今世界上最贫困,且日益受到“被边缘化”威胁的大陆,其最重要的原因之一,就在于智力资源贫乏、教育落后。中国的经济持续平稳较快发展,特别是最近十几年的跨越式发展,恰恰可为非洲经济恢复和发展、为非洲国家联合自强和自主建设能力提高提供有益借鉴。中国在南南合作框架下,拓宽了对非洲援助的领域,加大了对非洲智力援助的力度,体现出更加关注提高非洲国家自主建设能力的务实合作和共同发展的援助理念。国内综合、全面的对非洲智力援助研究较少,就中国对非洲智力援助的经济和社会发展效益的实证研究更少,更凸显本研究的必要性和重要性。本研究以“中国对非洲智力援助：理论、成效与对策”为题,主要基于如下考虑：第一,中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,非洲为发展中国家最集中的大陆,相似的历史遭遇、共同的发展任务和利益诉求,具有相互支持和广泛合作基础；第二,中国对非洲智力援助,帮助非洲国家培养和培训经济发展急需的各类人才,是一种智力资本的投资,成效的高低对非洲国家社会经济发展意义深远；第三,我国的教育水平和科研实力比较适合非洲发展中国家当前和今后一段时期社会经济发展需要,如何结合非洲国家发展国情,进行智力援助,理论指导非常重要,关系着非洲国家经济的可持续发展；第四,智力援助具有更加深入人心、影响更加深远的特点,如何高效实施对非洲智力援助,事关我国国际形象和国际影响力。文中运用了理论分析法、比较分析法、实证分析法和个案分析法围绕中国对非洲智力援助的方针政策和实施举措在非洲国家经济社会发展中的效益进行系统研究。从研究中可以看出中国对非洲智力援助是在发展经济学的援助理论指导和完善发展理论的过程中,始终把握“如何发展”的本质问题,并采取了实现“如何发展”的科学合理的援助模式,达到促进非洲国家社会经济可持续性发展的目的。并探索如下：(1)中国对非洲智力援助依据发展经济学的发展援助理论的指导,并在实践中探索、发展和完善了理论。如改革开放前的对非洲智力援助,依据“缺口论”和“减贫论”的指导,非洲国家单方受益,援助项目当时获得成功,但局限性很大,缺乏可持续性；改革开放后,依据“结构调整论”的指导,制定了“平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展”的“四项原则”,充分发挥非洲国家的主动积极性,以发展需求为导向,以提高自主建设能力为抓手,以互利共赢和共同发展为目的,实证结果证实实践效益较高,具有较强的针对性和可持续性；(2)中国对非洲智力援助的成效是通过横向规划和纵向推进来实施的,实证结果分析,我国对非洲智力援助在人才培养、科学研究、服务社会及文化交流方面的援助效益得到了非洲的调查对象的高度认可,表达了更进一步务实合作的强烈愿望；(3)借鉴发达国家智力援助非洲的经验和教训,围绕中非务实合作、互利共赢和共同发展的目标,提出对非洲智力援助的人才培养、科学研究、服务社会及文化交流等方面的对策。中国对非洲智力援助对策：(1)培养高端人才,实现共同发展；(2)提高科研实力,打造品牌效应；(3)改善民生条件,营造和谐环境；(4)加强文化交流,稳定友好关系。
[Abstract]:China's assistance to African countries began in 1956. The history of China Africa relations for more than half a century shows that, based on sincerity and mutual benefit, aid to Africa on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is the driving force for the continuous development of China Africa relations and an important link in maintaining the friendship between China and Africa.
Africa is the most poverty-stricken and increasingly "marginalized" continent in the world. One of the most important reasons is the lack of intellectual resources and backward education. China's economy continues to develop steadily and rapidly, especially in the last decade, which is precisely for African economies to recover and develop and to unite for African countries. It provides a useful reference for the improvement of strong and independent building capacity.
Under the framework of South South cooperation, China has widened the field of aid to Africa, increased the strength of intellectual aid to Africa, reflected the practical cooperation and common development ideas that paid more attention to improving the autonomous building capacity of African countries. The empirical research on economic and social development benefits is less, which highlights the necessity and importance of this research.
On the basis of "China's intellectual aid to Africa: theory, effectiveness and Countermeasures", this study is based on the following considerations: first, China is the largest developing country in the world, Africa is the most concentrated continent in developing countries, similar historical experiences, common development tasks and interests appeals, with mutual support and extensive cooperation basis; Second, China's intellectual aid to Africa, helping African countries to train and train all kinds of talented people in urgent need of economic development, is a kind of intellectual capital investment, which has a profound effect on the social and economic development of African countries. Third, the educational level and scientific research strength of our country are more suitable for the current and future period of African developing countries. Social and economic development needs, how to combine the development of African countries with national conditions and carry out intellectual assistance. Theoretical guidance is very important and related to the sustainable development of African countries' economy. Fourth, intellectual assistance is more deeply rooted in the people's mind and has a more far-reaching impact on how to effectively implement the African Intellectual aid, which is related to the international image and international of our country. Effect.
In this paper, theoretical analysis, comparative analysis, empirical analysis and case analysis are used to systematically study the benefits of China's policy and implementation of African Intellectual assistance in the economic and social development of African countries. From the study, it is shown that China's aid theory to Africa is the aid theory of development economics. In the course of guiding and perfecting the development theory, we have always grasped the essential problem of "how to develop", and adopted a scientific and rational aid model to realize "how to develop" to promote the sustainable development of social and economic development of African countries. (1) China's development aid to African Intellectual aid based on development economics. Theoretical guidance, and in practice, explore, develop and improve the theory. For example, the African Intellectual aid before the reform and opening up, based on the guidance of the "gap theory" and "poverty reduction theory", the African countries benefited unilaterally, the aid project was successful at that time, but the limitations were very large and lack of sustainability; after the reform and opening up, the "structural adjustment theory" was based on the reform and opening up. The "four principles" of "equality and mutual benefit, practical results, various forms and common development" have been formulated to give full play to the initiative of the African countries, take the development demand as the guidance, improve the ability of independent construction, and win the mutual benefit and common development as the aim, and the empirical results prove that the practical benefit is high and has a strong aim. Sex and sustainability; (2) the effectiveness of China's African Intellectual assistance is carried out through horizontal planning and longitudinal advancement. The results of empirical analysis show that the benefit of African Intellectual aid in talent cultivation, scientific research, social and cultural exchange has been highly recognized by the African survey target and expressed further. The strong desire for practical cooperation; (3) to draw on the experiences and lessons of the developed countries' intellectual aid to Africa, and to put forward the Countermeasures for the cultivation of talents, scientific research, and social and cultural exchanges on African Intellectual assistance, around the objectives of Sino African pragmatic cooperation, mutual benefit and common development.
China's Countermeasures for African Intellectual assistance: (1) cultivating high-end talents to achieve common development; (2) improving scientific research strength and creating brand effect; (3) improving the conditions of the people's livelihood and creating a harmonious environment; (4) strengthening cultural exchanges and stabilizing friendly relations.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G526.9

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