白裤瑶蚕丝文化的教育价值研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 06:51

本文选题：白裤瑶 + 蚕丝文化　；参考：《西南大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：蚕丝文化在中华民族文化中占有十分重要的地位,在生产、文学、艺术、民俗中都有其不同的表现内容及形式。在传统的农耕社会中,以丝绸作为物质载体体现在传统文化礼教中的“礼”具有一种等级性。然而,这些体现在传统文化礼教中“礼”的等级性在白裤瑶社会中是不存在的。与传统的农耕社会不同,白裤瑶并非定居农耕的典型民族,它是游耕民族。那么,在这样一种系统之中形成的蚕丝文化对其社会成员来说具有怎样的价值和意义,是本研究的核心问题。从这个核心问题出发,本研究需要解决的问题有：白裤瑶蚕丝文化具体体现在哪些方面,是怎样运用的?白裤瑶蚕丝文化对人的发展是否产生了深刻影响,具有什么样的教育价值?与传统农耕社会的蚕丝文化相比,白裤瑶蚕丝文化具有什么样的特点,它又是怎样生成的? 基于以上思考,本研究从白裤瑶蚕丝文化的田野调查出发,以贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县瑶山瑶族乡为主要考察点,并结合在广西省河池市南丹县里湖瑶族乡和八圩瑶族乡的考察,遵循结构功能主义的范式,运用文献法和质的研究方法,坚持主客位相结合的原则,深入挖掘了白裤瑶蚕丝文化所蕴含的教育价值。本研究首先简要介绍了白裤瑶的历史源流以及白裤瑶的自然、社会和精神环境,揭示了白裤瑶蚕丝文化所依托的外部文化生态系统；接着对白裤瑶蚕丝文化的内容做了详尽考察,发现白裤瑶蚕丝文化主要体现在生产生活、古歌、传说以及婚礼和葬礼的仪式中；以白裤瑶蚕丝文化传承的内容为出发点,分别分析了蚕丝文化在日常生活,即生产生活中和古歌、传说中的教育价值、在婚礼中的教育价值及在葬礼中的教育价值；在此基础上,继而分析并总结出白裤瑶蚕丝文化的特点及成因,并得出了如下结论：一、白裤瑶蚕丝文化的起源与信仰有关。从考古、文献资料和人类学三个方面可以证明。考古发现,在白裤瑶岩洞葬残留的尸骨中,仍然可见残绸缎片和白裤瑶妇女的残裙。文献资料中诸多涉及中国南方喀斯特地区的历史文献中有不少关于当地居民使用蚕丝或野蚕丝做装饰的记载。本研究的田野调查发现,白裤瑶的蚕丝文化在物质、制度、精神文化方面均有体现。第一,从物质文化层面来看。白裤瑶有适合蚕丝文化生存的自然地理环境,且白裤瑶妇女的裙子上缝制有一圈蚕丝裙边。第二,从制度文化层面来看。白裤瑶蚕丝生产采取的是自给自足的生产方式,不以经济价值为目的,而且在白裤瑶的婚礼和葬礼仪式中均有蚕丝(或蚕茧)的运用。第三,从精神文化层面来看。在婚礼仪式中,蚕丝作为一种生育和婚姻幸福美满的符号表现,体现了白裤瑶的生育信仰和婚姻价值观；在葬礼仪式中,蚕丝作为一种灵魂和孝道观念的符号表现,体现了白裤瑶的生死观和灵魂信仰;在古歌、传说中均有关于蚕的来源,且与鬼、神有关,也有白裤瑶妇女将寄生于枫木上的野蚕驯化为家蚕的历史。由此可见,蚕已经从其生命的自然属性转向了人的生命的社会属性,正是白裤瑶通过蚕的符号意义来传承的一种信仰。二、白裤瑶蚕丝文化具有族群认同的教育价值。通过对白裤瑶蚕丝文化的田野考察以及分析可以看出,白裤瑶蚕丝文化的传承是以蚕丝为主线,将其历史文化、民族特征、民族习俗等附着于白裤瑶蚕丝文化上,通过生产生活、生育、婚姻、死亡等生命成长的各个环节,使其从自然人完成到社会人的转变,即从人的自然属性到社会属性的过渡。实现了对白裤瑶蚕丝文化的民族记忆和信仰的传承,体现了日常生活中教人向“学”、日常生活中教人向“善”、对生命的认识与思考、对性别角色的塑造与强化、对生与死的沉淀与关照、孝道教育的继承与发扬,从而培养了白裤瑶成员的族群意识和族群情感,并明确了其族群身份,加强了其民族认同感和凝聚力,维系了族群的社会功能,个人的精神需要得到了极大的满足。白裤瑶蚕丝文化的传承方式灵活多样、与他们的生活习俗融为了一体。家庭、集会、仪式等是蚕丝文化传承的主要途径,也是他们习得社会经验的主要教育场所。因为白裤瑶是一个有语言而无文字的民族,蚕丝成为文化传承的有效载体,作为一个形象、直观的方式为民族成员提供了一个意义体系,这种文化传承借由民族文化自身独特的符号体系,在生产活动与婚礼、葬礼仪式中,通过口耳相传、言传心记、潜移默化等将本民族在适应生存环境中总结出的与生命相关的内容传递给下一代,为民族成员提供了参与、体验、内化民族精神的场域和情境,有助于个体生命的生成和发展,具有重要的教育价值。三、白裤瑶蚕丝文化促进了民族成员社会化的发展和完善。白裤瑶蚕丝文化是一种生活实践,是社会化的过程与结果的融合。在日常生活中,民族成员学习到了关于蚕丝文化的生产生活知识、了解到有关蚕丝文化的古歌、传说、遵守蚕丝文化中体现的行为规范和道德,实现着个人技能社会化和行为社会化；在婚礼仪式中,民族成员了解到蚕丝所象征的生育意义和婚姻幸福美满的意义,实现着个人角色社会化；在葬礼仪式中,民族成员认识到蚕丝所象征的对祖先的尊重和对生死的看法,实现着价值观念社会化和行为规范社会化。白裤瑶蚕丝文化所蕴含的意义使其民族成员在生活实践中实现了社会化的发展。四、白裤瑶蚕丝文化具有四个特点：蚕丝生产社会分工的非细化、蚕丝生产的非经济性、蚕丝使用者身份的非等级性、蚕丝文化传承的公共性等特点。因其独特的自然地理环境、从游耕农业到定居农耕的生计方式的转变、社会组织的力量以及宗教信仰的影响,白裤瑶产生了其独特的蚕丝文化。本研究具有一定的理论和实践意义。首先,本研究对白裤瑶蚕丝文化做了扎实的田野考察,并在此基础上分析并阐释其在白裤瑶社会中所体现的独特教育价值和意义,与传统的农耕社会中蚕丝文化所体现的教育功能不同。这种现实存在的蚕丝文化给探讨蚕丝文化的起源提供了一个案例,从研究内容和研究视角来说,具有一定的新意。其次,在白裤瑶蚕丝文化中所体现的生活世界的教育内容、教育形式及教育价值,对民族教育也给予了一定的启示。在全球化和现代化的冲击下,建立起与当地文化相适应的教育,是民族教育发展值得借鉴的地方。
[Abstract]:Silk culture occupies a very important position in the Chinese culture and has its different content and form in the production, literature, art and folk custom. In the traditional farming society, the "gift" embodied in the traditional cultural etiquette with silk as the material carrier has a kind of rank.
Unlike the traditional farming society, Bai Ku Yao is not a typical ethnic group that settles farming, but it is a farming nation. Significance is the core issue of this research. Starting from this core issue, the problems that need to be solved in this study are:
What are the aspects of the culture of white trousers Yao silk? How do they use it? What kind of educational value does white trousers Yao silk culture have on human development and what kind of educational value is it?
Based on the above thinking, this study, starting from the field investigation of the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao, takes the Yao Shan Yao nationality in Libo County of Qiannan Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province as the main investigation point, and combines the investigation of the Yao and Yao nationality township in Nandan County of Guangxi Province and the eight polder Yao nationality township, and follows the paradigm of structural functionalism, using the literature method and the quality. The research method insists on the principle of combination of subject, object and position, and deeply explores the educational value contained in the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao.
This study first briefly introduces the historical origin of Bai Ku Yao and the natural, social and spiritual environment of Bai Ku Yao. It reveals the external cultural ecosystem based on the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao, and then makes a detailed investigation on the content of the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao, and finds that the white trousers Yao silk culture is mainly reflected in the production, life, ancient songs and legends. In the ceremonies of wedding and funeral, the article analyzes the value of silk culture in daily life, that is, the value of education, the value of education in the wedding and the educational value in the funeral, and then on the basis of the analysis and summary of the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao, the content of the inheritance of the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao silk culture as the starting point. The characteristics and causes of the transformation are obtained, and the following conclusions are drawn.
First, the origin of the white trousers Yao silk culture is related to the belief. It can be proved from three aspects of archaeology, literature and anthropology. It is found that the residual skirt of the silks and satin tablets and the white trousers Yao women still can be seen in the remains of the burial in Bai Ku Yao. There are a lot of historical documents related to the Karst area of southern China. The field survey of this study found that the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao is embodied in material, institutional and spiritual culture. First, from the material and cultural level, white pants Yao has a natural geographical environment suitable for silk culture, and the dress of white trousers and Yao women has a lap on the skirt. Silk skirt. Second, from the system cultural level, white trousers Yao silk production is a self-sufficient production method, not for economic value, and in the wedding and funeral ceremony of white trousers and the use of silk (or silkworm cocoon). Third, from the spiritual and cultural level, in the wedding ceremony, silk as a birth and marriage. In the funeral ceremony, silk as a symbol of soul and filial piety embodies the outlook on life and death of Bai Ku Yao and the belief in soul. In ancient songs and legends, there are sources of silkworms in ancient songs and legends, and they are related to ghost, God, and white trousers and Yao women will parasitism. The wild silkworm on maple wood is domesticated as the history of silkworm, so it can be seen that the silkworm has turned from its natural nature to the social attribute of human life. It is a belief that Bai Ku Yao passes through the symbolic meaning of the silkworm.
Two, white trousers Yao silk culture has the educational value of ethnic identity. Through the field investigation and analysis of the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao, it can be seen that the inheritance of white trousers Yao silk culture is the silk as the main line, and its history, culture, national characteristics and national customs are attached to the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao, through production, birth, marriage and death. Every link of life and growth makes it change from the natural person to the social person, that is, the transition from the nature attribute to the social attribute. It realizes the national memory and belief inheritance of the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao. It embodies the teaching of people to "learning" in daily life, and the understanding and thinking of life in daily life. The examination, the shaping and strengthening of gender roles, the precipitation and death of life and death, the inheritance and development of filial piety education, thus fostered the ethnic consciousness and ethnic feelings of the members of Bai Ku Yao, and made clear its ethnic identity, strengthened its national identity and cohesion, and maintained the social function of the ethnic group, and the spiritual needs of the individual had been greatly improved. Satisfaction.
The inheritance mode of the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao is flexible and diverse and integrates with their living customs. Family, assembly and ritual are the main ways to inherit silk culture. It is also the main educational place for them to acquire social experience. Because white pants Yao is a nation with language without words, silk becomes an effective carrier of cultural inheritance. An image, a visual way provides a sense system for the ethnic members. This cultural heritage, through the unique symbol system of national culture, in the production activities and wedding, funeral rites, through mouth and mouth, words and words, imperceptibly, and so on to adapt to the living environment of the people in the environment related to the content of the content. The transfer to the next generation provides ethnic members with the field and situation of participation, experience and internalization of national spirit, which is helpful for the generation and development of individual life, and has important educational value.
Three, white trousers Yao silk culture promotes the social development and perfection of national members. White trousers Yao silk culture is a kind of life practice and is the integration of social process and result. In daily life, ethnic members learn about the production and life knowledge of silk culture, understand the ancient songs about silk culture, legends, and observe silkworm culture. The behavior standardization and morality embodied in the transformation realized the socialization of personal skills and the socialization of behavior; in the wedding ceremony, the ethnic members realized the meaning of the fertility and the happiness of the marriage happiness, and realized the socialization of the personal role; in the funeral ceremony, the members of the nation realized the respect for the ancestors, which were symbolized by the silk. The views of life and death realize the socialization of values and the socialization of behavior. The significance of the silkworm culture of Bai Ku Yao makes its members socialized in the life practice.
Four, white trousers Yao silk culture has four characteristics: the non refinement of the social division of silk production, the non economy of silk production, the non rank of the silk user identity, the publicity of silk culture and so on. Because of its unique natural and geographical environment, the transformation of the livelihood mode from farming to fixed farming, and the strength of the social organization As well as the influence of religious belief, Bai Ku Yao produced its unique silk culture.
This study has some theoretical and practical significance. First of all, this study has made a solid field study on the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao, and on this basis analyses and explains its unique educational value and significance in the society of Bai Ku Yao, which is different from the educational function of silk culture in the traditional farming society. The silk culture provides a case for exploring the origin of silk culture. It has certain new meanings in terms of research content and research perspective.
Secondly, the educational content, educational form and educational value embodied in the silk culture of Bai Ku Yao silk culture also give some enlightenment to the national education. Under the impact of globalization and modernization, the establishment of education adapted to the local culture is a place to be used for reference in the development of national education.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G40-052

【参考文献】