青少年焦虑的发展与家庭功能、依恋质量的关系

发布时间：2018-07-03 09:15

本文选题：青少年焦虑 + 家庭功能　；参考：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：青少年处于生命中特殊的过渡期，身心发展的矛盾性使得青少年焦虑成为最显著、最普遍的情绪反应。如果这些焦虑情绪得不到干预，便可能影响青少年的日常生活，进一步转化为焦虑障碍，甚至持续至成年期，影响其一生的发展。发展精神病理学从多学科综合的角度出发，提出了影响儿童焦虑发展的交互作用路径，其中家庭功能与依恋质量是两个重要的方面。虽然已有大量研究探讨了家庭功能、依恋质量与儿童焦虑的关系，但对青少年焦虑、依恋及家庭问题的研究仍比较缺乏，同时对这三者的关系也无直接的相关研究。为此，，本论文在对相关文献进行详尽综述的基础上，从家庭背景及父母、同伴依恋质量方面综合考察青少年焦虑的发展，以期探查出青少年焦虑产生与发展的某些危险与保护性因素以及家庭功能、依恋质量与青少年焦虑间复杂的路径关系，从而为家庭与学校教育提供有效的干预措施，减轻或消除青少年过度焦虑，使其平稳过渡到成年期。本研究从临沂市费县一所高中、四所初中共抽取有效被试907名，以《Spence儿童焦虑量表》、《家庭功能量表》与《父母、同伴依恋关系量表》为研究工具对其进行测查，并得出如下结论： 1、青少年焦虑障碍发生率为15%左右，其中初中二年级是焦虑问题最集中且水平最高的时期。女性青少年较男性青少年报告了更高的焦虑水平。在具体的焦虑症状中，社交恐惧与强迫冲动障碍水平最高，是青少年最为突出的焦虑问题；广泛性焦虑虽然水平上较社交恐惧、强迫冲动障碍低但是与其他焦虑症状相关较高且相对稳定，也是青少年发展中不可忽视的情绪问题；分离焦虑、恐慌-广场恐怖症与躯体伤害恐惧水平相对较低，已不再是青少年发展中的主要焦虑问题，但恐慌-广场恐怖症在焦虑水平较高的青少年中比较突出。 2、青少年在发展中存在较多的家庭问题，其中以初中二年级最为集中。家庭功能对青少年焦虑具有显著预测作用，存在的家庭问题越多，青少年的焦虑水平越高。在家庭功能的诸维度中，角色与沟通对青少年焦虑的预测最为显著，家庭成员间较少或无效的沟通与混乱的角色任务分工成为青少年焦虑发展中的危险性因素。 3、青少年与父亲、母亲依恋的质量在下降，与同伴依恋的质量在上升。依恋对青少年焦虑具有预测作用。依恋质量越高，青少年存在的焦虑问题越少。父亲依恋中的沟通维度是青少年焦虑发展中的保护性因素，与同伴的疏离则是青少年焦虑发展中的危险因素。母亲依恋主要通过同伴依恋间接影响青少年焦虑问题，父亲依恋既可以直接影响青少年焦虑，又可以通过同伴依恋间接影响青少年焦虑。 4、依恋质量在家庭功能对青少年焦虑的影响中起部分中介作用。一方面家庭功能直接影响青少年焦虑的发展，另一方面通过依恋关系间接影响青少年焦虑。
[Abstract]:Adolescents are in a special transition period, the contradiction of physical and mental development makes adolescent anxiety become the most significant and the most common emotional response. If these anxieties are not interfered with, they may affect the daily life of teenagers, further transform into anxiety disorders, and even continue into adulthood, and affect their development in life. The development of psychopathology from the perspective of multi-disciplinary synthesis proposed an interactive path to affect the development of children's anxiety, among which family function and attachment quality are two important aspects. Although a large number of studies have explored the relationship between family function, attachment quality and children's anxiety, there are still few researches on adolescent anxiety, attachment and family problems, and there is no direct correlation between them. Therefore, on the basis of a detailed review of relevant literature, this paper comprehensively examines the development of adolescent anxiety from the aspects of family background, parents' attachment quality and peer attachment quality. In order to find out some dangerous and protective factors and family function, the complex path relationship between attachment quality and adolescent anxiety, so as to provide effective intervention measures for family and school education. Reduce or eliminate excessive anxiety among adolescents and ensure a smooth transition to adulthood. In this study, 907 effective subjects were selected from a senior high school and four junior high schools in Fei County, Linyi City, and were investigated with the Spence Children anxiety scale, the Family function scale and the Parental and Peer attachment scale. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The incidence of anxiety disorder is about 15%, and the second grade of junior high school is the most concentrated and the highest level of anxiety. Female adolescents reported higher levels of anxiety than male adolescents. Among the specific anxiety symptoms, social fear and compulsive disturbance are the most prominent anxiety problems in adolescents, while the level of generalized anxiety is higher than that of social fear. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is relatively stable and high in relation to other anxiety symptoms, is also an emotional problem that can not be ignored in the development of adolescents, and the level of fear of separating anxiety, panic-square phobia and body injury is relatively low. It is no longer the main anxiety problem in the development of teenagers, but panic square phobia is more prominent among the teenagers with higher anxiety level. 2. There are more family problems in the development of teenagers, especially in the second grade of junior high school. Family function has a significant predictive effect on adolescent anxiety. The more family problems exist, the higher the anxiety level of adolescents is. Among the dimensions of family function, role and communication are the most significant predictors of adolescent anxiety. The less or ineffective communication among family members and the confused division of roles and tasks become the risk factors in the development of adolescent anxiety. 3. The quality of attachment between adolescent and father, mother and mother is declining, and the quality of attachment with peers is on the rise. Attachment can predict adolescent anxiety. The higher the attachment quality, the less anxiety problems adolescents have. The dimension of communication in father attachment is the protective factor in the development of adolescent anxiety, and alienation from peers is the risk factor in the development of adolescent anxiety. Mother attachment indirectly affects adolescent anxiety mainly through peer attachment, while father attachment can directly affect adolescent anxiety. The quality of attachment plays an intermediary role in the influence of family function on adolescent anxiety. On the one hand, family function directly affects the development of adolescent anxiety, on the other hand, it indirectly affects adolescent anxiety through attachment.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B844.2

【参考文献】