大学生死亡态度、生命意义及相关因素的研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 19:21

【摘要】：目的了解大学生死亡态度和生命意义现状,探讨大学生死亡态度和生命意义与相关影响因素的关系。方法采用随机抽样的方法,以长沙市四所高校442名大学生为研究对象,现场完成死亡态度问卷、大学生生命意义问卷、罗森伯格自尊量表(SES)及内外控人格特质倾向量表。采用SPSS17.0统计软件对数据进行处理,统计方法主要采用一般描述性分析、t检验、单因素方差分析、多重比较(LSD)、相关性分析、多元线性回归。结果(1)大学生死亡态度方面,中性接受排序第一,之后依次是死亡逃避、死亡恐惧、趋近接受和逃离接受。不同性别、宗教信仰、宗教虔诚度的大学生在死亡态度各维度上没有显著差异；不同身体健康状况大学生在逃离接受上差异非常显著,在死亡恐惧上差异显著；不同自尊水平大学生在死亡恐惧、中性接受、逃离接受上差异非常显著,在趋近接受上差异显著；不同人格特质大学生在死亡恐惧、逃离接受上差异非常显著,在死亡逃避上差异显著；不同接触死亡经验大学生在逃离接受上差异非常显著,在死亡恐惧、趋近接受上差异显著；家中讨论死亡不同情形的大学生在死亡恐惧、死亡逃避、中性接受上差异显著；阅读有关讨论“死亡”的书籍或文章不同情况大学生在死亡逃避上差异显著。 (2)大学生总体生命意义处于良好的水平。在生命意义总分、成就、人际关系、自我超越上,女生非常显著地高于男生；除了追求和亲密关系,不同身体健康状况大学生在生命意义总分及其他因子上差异非常显著；不同宗教信仰、宗教虔诚度的大学生生命意义不存在显著差异；不同自尊水平大学生在生命意义总分及所有因子上差异非常显著；除了人际关系和追求,不同人格特质的大学生在生命意义总分及其他因子上差异显著。 (3)死亡态度、生命意义及自尊、内外控人格的相关性：自尊与死亡恐惧、死亡逃避、趋近接受、逃离接受显著负相关、与中性接受显著正相关；内外控人格与死亡恐惧、逃离接受显著正相关；死亡恐惧、趋近接受、逃离接受、内外控人格与生命意义总分显著负相关；中性接受、自尊与生命意义总分显著正相关；性别、健康状况、自尊、内外控人格对生命意义有一定预测力；自尊、内外控人格对死亡恐惧有一定预测力；讨论死亡情形、自尊、生命意义对中性接受有一定预测力；讨论死亡情形、生命意义对趋近接受有一定预测力；健康状况、讨论死亡情形、生命意义对逃离接受有一定预测力。结论(1)大学生死亡态度以中性接受为主,之后依次是死亡逃避、死亡恐惧、趋近接受、逃离接受；(2)大学生生命意义状况良好；(3)自尊与死亡恐惧、死亡逃避、趋近接受、逃离接受显著负相关、与中性接受显著正相关；内外控人格与死亡恐惧、逃离接受显著正相关；自尊与生命意义总分显著正相关；内外控人格与生命意义总分显著负相关；生命意义和死亡态度密切相关,生命意义越高,越能以中性接受的态度面对死亡,死亡恐惧、死亡逃避、趋近接受、逃离接受越低；(4)性别、健康状况、自尊、内外控人格对生命意义有一定预测力；健康状况、讨论死亡情形、自尊、内外控人格、生命意义对死亡态度有一定预测力。
[Abstract]:Objective To understand the status quo of College Students'death attitude and life meaning, and to explore the relationship between College Students' death attitude and life meaning and related influencing factors.
Methods by random sampling, 442 college students in four colleges and universities in Changsha were selected as the subjects. The death attitude questionnaire, the life meaning questionnaire of college students, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES) and the internal and external personality trait tendency scale were used. The data were processed with SPSS17.0 statistics software. The statistical methods were mainly described in general description. Sex analysis, t test, one-way ANOVA, multiple comparison (LSD), correlation analysis, multiple linear regression.
Results (1) in terms of College Students' attitude to death, the order of neutral acceptance was first, followed by death evasion, death fear, approaching acceptance and escaping acceptance. There was no significant difference in all dimensions of death attitudes among college students with different sexes, religious beliefs and religious devotion, and the difference in escape acceptance between college students in different physical health conditions was very significant. There are significant differences in death fear; the difference in death fear, neutral acceptance and escape acceptance of college students with different self-esteem is significant, and there are significant differences in reaching acceptance. The differences in death fear and escape acceptance of college students with different personality traits are very significant, and the difference in death and death is significant; the experience of different contact death is big. There are significant differences in the students' escape acceptance. The difference in death fear and acceptance is significant. The difference of death fear, death escape, and neutral acceptance of college students with different deaths in the family is significant; reading about "death" books or articles in different circumstances students differ significantly in death escape.
(2) the overall life meaning of college students is at a good level. In the total score of life, achievement, interpersonal relationship and self transcendence, the female students are significantly higher than the boys; in addition to the relationship of pursuit and intimacy, the differences in the total score of life meaning and other factors of college students in different physical health conditions are very significant; different religious beliefs and religious devotion are very important. There is no significant difference in the life meaning of college students, and the difference in the total score and all factors of the students with different self-esteem is very significant. In addition to the interpersonal relationship and pursuit, the students with different personality traits have significant differences in the total score of life meaning and other factors.
(3) the attitude of death, life meaning and self-esteem, the correlation of internal and external personality: the fear of self esteem and death, death evasion, approaching acceptance, the significant negative correlation of escaping acceptance, the significant positive correlation with neutral acceptance; the significant positive correlation between the internal and external control personality and the fear of death; the fear of death, the approaching acceptance, the escape acceptance, the internal and external personality and birth. There was a significant negative correlation between the total score of life meaning, neutral acceptance, self-esteem and the total score of life significance; gender, health, self-esteem and internal and external personality had certain predictive power for the meaning of life; self-esteem and internal and external personality had certain predictive power to death fear; and the discussion of death, self-esteem and life meaning had certain predictive power to neutral acceptance. Discussing the death situation, the meaning of life has certain predictive power to approaching acceptance; the health condition, discussing the death situation, the meaning of life has certain predictive power to escape acceptance.
Conclusion (1) the death attitude of college students is mainly neutral, followed by death evasion, death fear, death fear, close acceptance, escape acceptance; (2) college students' life significance is good; (3) self-esteem and death fear, death evasion, approaching acceptance, escape reception significant negative correlation, significant positive correlation with neutral acceptance; internal and external control personality and death fear There was significant positive correlation between flee and flee acceptance; self-esteem was positively correlated with the total score of life meaning; internal and external control personality was negatively correlated with the total score of life meaning; life meaning and death attitude were closely related, the higher the life meaning, the more neutral acceptance of the attitude to death, death fear, death evasion, approaching acceptance, the lower the escape acceptance; (4) Gender, health status, self-esteem and internal and external personality have certain predictive power for the meaning of life; health status, discussion of death, self-esteem, internal and external personality, life meaning have certain predictive power to the attitude of death.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B844.2

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