浅析美国的非正规科学教育

发布时间：2018-08-07 12:02

【摘要】：中文摘要美国非正规科学教育是指在学校外进行的，面向全体公众的，以数学、技术、科学和工程为主要教育内容的，目的是要提高全民科学素养的教育。非正规科学教育是学校正规科学教育的重要补充和延伸，是提升全民科学素养的重要途径。目前，我国对美国科学教育的研究主要集中在学校正规科学教育的研究上，而对美国的非正规科学教育地关注与研究十分有限，尤其是缺乏对美国非正规科学教育较为宏观和系统的理论研究。为了能够全面提升我国公民的科学素养，为了能使我国的非正规科学教育事业得到更好地发展，我们有必要对美国的非正规科学教育进行较为深入和系统地研究，从而总结美国非正规科学教育发展的有效经验，并结合我国非正规科学教育的历史和现状，提出有助于我国非正规科学教育未来发展的建设性意见。本篇论文主要采用文献法，通过网络访问美国科学基金会、美国科学促进会、美国科学教师协会等美国非正规科学教育的主要实施机构的网站，获得大量关于美国非正规科学教育最前沿的权威资料。通过对这些资料的梳理与归纳，分析了美国非正规科学教育的内涵与特点、美国非正规科学教育活动和美国非正规科学教育的发展趋势。其中，，重点分析了美国非正规科学教育活动，从活动的实施主体、活动类型以及活动的作用三个方面进行了较为系统和详实地论述。最后，笔者回顾了我国非正规科学教育发展的历史并结合我国非正规科学教育发展的现状，提出了美国非正规科学教育对于我国非正规科学教育发展的启示，即要加强非正规科学教育的延续性、教育性和系统性以及公平性。除此之外，还要重视科学教师的专业发展。
[Abstract]:Non-formal science education in the United States refers to the education of mathematics, technology, science and engineering, which is carried out outside school and for the general public, with the aim of improving the scientific literacy of the whole people. Non-formal science education is an important supplement and extension of formal science education in schools and an important way to improve the scientific literacy of the whole people. At present, the research on American science education in China is mainly focused on the research of formal science education in schools, while the attention and research on non-formal science education in the United States is very limited. In particular, there is a lack of macro and systematic theoretical research on non-formal science education in the United States. In order to improve the scientific literacy of our citizens in an all-round way, and to make the non-formal science education in our country better developed, it is necessary for us to conduct a more in-depth and systematic study on the non-formal science education in the United States. This paper summarizes the effective experience in the development of non-formal science education in the United States, and puts forward some constructive suggestions for the future development of non-formal science education in China, combining with the history and present situation of non-formal science education in China. This paper mainly uses the literature method, through the network visits the American Science Foundation, the American Society for the Advancement of Science, the American Association of Science Teachers and other major implementing agencies of non-formal science education in the United States. Access to a wealth of non-formal science education in the United States on the forefront of authoritative information. This paper analyzes the connotation and characteristics of non-formal science education in the United States, the activities of non-formal science education in the United States and the development trend of non-formal science education in the United States. Among them, the non-formal science education activities in the United States are analyzed in detail and systematically discussed from three aspects: the main body of the activities, the types of the activities and the role of the activities. Finally, the author reviews the history of the development of non-formal science education in China and puts forward the enlightenment of non-formal science education in the United States for the development of non-formal science education in China. That is, to strengthen the continuity of non-formal science education, educational and systematic, and fairness. In addition, we should attach importance to the professional development of science teachers.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G571.2

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