民国时期北京大学学生社团活动研究

发布时间：2019-06-14 01:37

【摘要】：学生社团活动是学生生活活动不可分割的有机组成部分,已有对学生活动的研究基本集中在学生运动。尽管民国时期的学生运动非常活跃,而且产生了深远的社会影响,但是,仅研究它显然是不够的。研究处于大变革、大动荡时代背景下的北大学生社团活动,不但可以丰富高等教育管理尤其是高校学生管理理论、高等教育课程与教学理论、大学生心理健康教育理论、公民社会理论,加强对民国时期社会复杂多样性的理解,也可以为当今从规模扩张到提高教育质量的高等教育改革提供历史依据,为当今高校学生的管理工作,尤其是学生社团的管理工作提供借鉴意义。本研究所选择的研究对象民国时期北大学生社团是指以北大在校学生为主体、在自觉自愿基础上组成的非盈利性学生组织。北大学生社团活动指的是以社团组织名义所开展的活动,不包括学生社团成员以个人名义从事的活动。研究时限的上限为1912年1月民国成立,下限为1949年1月北平和平解放。具体包括北京大学、西南联合大学和北平大学北大分院。本研究运用组织社会学理论,结合叙事史学、微观史学等相关理论,通过对民国时期北大学生社团发展历史、组织结构以及所开展的活动的研究,清晰再现了民国时期北大学生社团活动的历史图景。探究了“内忧外患”、社会大变革、大动荡时代背景下北大学生社团活动的特点与规律,并为理解民国时期社会的复杂多样性提供了一个新的视角。导论部分,从问题的提出入手,阐释了研究的价值,回顾了国内外研究现状,并作了适当评析,介绍了理论基础,阐明了研究目的,厘清了研究思路,解释了研究方法。第一章“北大学生社团活动产生的历史背景与发展轨迹”,从社会思潮、突出事件和关键人物三个方面分析了北大学生社团活动产生的历史背景。从社团活动产生的历史起源、萌芽到逐步发展,将每个不同历史时期北大学生社团活动的历史发展轨迹清晰地呈现了出来。第二章“北大学生社团活动的目标、方式及概况”,从组织及活动主题两个视角分析了北大学生社团活动的目标,通过大量具体实例再现了社团活动的四种基本方式,即讲演、集会、出版刊物以及实践活动以及北大学生社团活动的整体概况。第三章“北大学生社团的组织结构、组织过程与组织控制”,运用组织社会学理论分别梳理了北大学生社团的组织结构、组织过程和组织控制。北大学生社团的组织结构基本都是采用的初级结构,即直线型、职能型组织结构,也有个别学生社团采用直线式职能型结构,这些都是由北大学生社团规模小、组织职能单一所决定。组织过程包括沟通、决策与领导三个过程,沟通一般采用在相关刊物、公告栏刊登公告、通告、通知以及书信等书面方式以及口头通知或面对面地交流等方式进行。发现北大学生社团在整个组织管理的过程中,体现出强烈的民主性、灵活性。北大学生社团的决策过程大多采用召开全体大会或职员会议集体讨论的方式进行。也正因为这样,其领导过程没有明显的关键人物、核心领导形成。第四章“北大学生社团活动的主体及内容”,从活动主体参与社团活动的心理场、人格特征以及参与程度三个方面分析了外部环境、个体人格对学生参与社团活动的影响,认为人的任何行为的产生都是其所处“心理场”的产物,这个“心理场”不但包括个体的需要、潜意识、信念、目标、记忆等,也包括政治和经济事件以及社会活动等。同时通过分析发现,当时北大学生社团活动得到了学校领导和教职员工的广泛的支持。通过大量的史料,对当时北大学生社团具体的活动情况进行了真实地再现。第五章“北大学生社团活动的作用与影响”,从五个方面总结分析了北大学生社团活动所产生的作用与影响。主要是保护了民族利益、促进了社会的民主进步、转变了学风、丰富了校园文化生活和培养了大批各类人才。结语部分,分析总结了北大学生社团及其活动的特点与规律。主要有以下五个方面：从影响个体参与学生社团组织的人格特征来看,民国时期北大学生社团成员人格中理想、信念、世界观等因素与其它时段相比对其参与社团的行为影响更大；从学生社团组织行为的特点来看,其组织行为体现出更高的民主性；从学生社团所开展的具体活动来看,其不但开展了大量的“本职工作”,而且也完成了不少的“兼职任务”；从学生社团组织所在的时代背景、活动主题以及活动主体来看,表现出更高的复杂性；从学生社团活动的性质来看,表现出强烈的爱国性。反思了学生运动与学生活动,个人需求、社会需要与学生社团活动以及个人本位、社会本位与时代背景之间的关系,指出学生运动不是民国时期北大学生活动的常态,个人需求是学生社团产生与发展以及学生参与社团活动的内在动力,而时代呼唤是学生社团产生与发展以及学生参与社团活动的外在原因。同时指出,“社会本位”、“个人本位”及其关系不但受到社会形态和文化传统等的影响和制约,同时还受到一定的时代背景的影响。
[Abstract]:The student's community activity is an integral and integral part of the student's life activities, and the research of the student's activities has focused on the student's movement. Although the student movement in the Republic of China is very active and has a far-reaching social impact, it is clearly not enough to study it. In order to enrich the management of higher education, especially the theory of college students' management, the course of higher education and the teaching theory, the theory of mental health education of college students, the theory of civil society, To strengthen the understanding of the social and complex diversity of the Republic of China, it can also provide the historical basis for the reform of the higher education from the scale to the improvement of the quality of the education, and provide the reference for the management of the students in the present day, especially the management of the students' associations. The research object selected by the Institute of the Republic of China in the period of the Republic of China refers to the non-profit group of students who are the main body of the north and the non-profit group which is composed of the voluntary basis. The activities carried out in the name of the community are not included in the activities of the members of the students' associations in the name of the individual. The upper limit of the time limit of the study was established in the Republic of China in January,1912 and the lower limit was the peaceful solution of the North Peace in January,1949. In particular, it includes Peking University, Southwest Joint University and Beiping University. This study, using the theory of organization sociology, combined with the theories of narrative history and micro-history, through the study of the history, structure and activities of the college students' associations during the period of the Republic of China, clearly reproduces the historical figures of the activities of the college students in the period of the Republic of China. The paper probes into the characteristics and rules of the activities of the college students in the background of "to suffer from internal and external anxiety", social change and great turbulence, and provides a new vision for understanding the complex diversity of the society in the period of the Republic of China. The introduction part, starting from the point of the question, explained the value of the study, reviewed the domestic and foreign research situation, made an appropriate analysis, introduced the theoretical foundation, clarified the research purpose, clarified the research thinking and explained the research. The first part of the "The Historical Background and the Development Track of the Activities of the College Students in the North" analyzes the activities of the college students from three aspects: social thought, outstanding events and key figures From the historical origin of the social activities, the development of the history of the college students' social activities in the different historical periods is clear. The second "The Target, Mode and General Situation of the Activities of the College Students in the North", from the perspective of the organization and the theme of the activity, analyzes the objectives of the activities of the college students, and renews the four basic ways of the community's activities through a large number of specific examples. i. e. speech, assembly, publication of publications, and practice, as well as associations of north university students In the third "The organizational structure, organization process and organization control of the college students' association", the organizational structure of the college students' association is analyzed by the theory of organizational sociology, The organizational structure of the college students' associations is basically the primary structure adopted, that is, the linear, functional organization structure, and the individual student associations adopt the linear functional structure, which are small in the size of the college students' associations, The organization process includes three processes of communication, decision-making and leadership. Communication is generally adopted in the relevant publications, bulletin boards, announcements, notices and letters, as well as oral notice or face In the process of the management of the whole organization, the community of the North University of the People's Republic of China The decision-making process of the college students' associations is mostly adopted by the general assembly or the staff meeting In this way, there is no obvious key to the leadership process. Chapter four analyzes the influence of the external environment and the individual's personality on the students' participation in the community activities. d " product, this "mental field" not only includes the individual's needs, the subconsciousness, the belief, the goal, the memory, etc., but also the politics and Economic events, social activities, and so on. At the same time, through the analysis, the college students' social activities were led by the school and the extensive support of the teaching staff, through a large amount of historical materials, the specific activity of the college students' associations at that time The dynamic situation is reproduced in real time. Chapter 5 Psychological Field ", from the five aspects, summarizes the analysis of the northern college students. The role and influence of the activities of the community are mainly the protection of the national interests, the promotion of the democratic progress of the society, the transformation of the style of study and the enrichment of the campus text. A large number of various types of talents have been developed and cultivated. The conclusion of the conclusion is summarized in the paper. The characteristics and laws of the college students' associations and their activities are the following five aspects: from the characteristics of the individual participating in the student's social organization, the ideal, the belief, the world view and other factors in the personality of the college students in the period of the Republic of China and other periods Compared with the behavior of the participating organizations, the organizational behavior of the students is more democratic; in the light of the specific activities carried out by the students' associations, they not only carry out a great deal of "the job", but also have completed a lot of "part-time job" From the background of the student's social organization, the theme of the activity and the subject of the activity, it shows a higher complexity; from the student's social activities In the light of the nature of the students' movement, the relationship between the student's movement and the student's activities, the individual's needs, the social needs and the student's social activities and the individual's standard, the social standard and the background is reflected, and the movement of the students is pointed out. It is not the normal state of the college students' activities during the period of the Republic of China. The individual demand is the internal power of the students' association and development and the participation of the students in the activities of the community, and the times call is the development and development of the students' associations. At the same time, it is pointed out that the "social standard", the "personal standard" and the relationship are not only influenced and restricted by the social form and the cultural tradition, etc.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G529

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