不同金钱心理类型大学生对金钱的注意偏向研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 19:06

本文选题：金钱心理类型　切入点：注意偏向　出处：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：金钱心理类型(money profiles)是根据个体对金钱的不同态度,采用聚类分析的方法确定出来的对金钱在认知、情感、和行为上均存在显著差异的不同心理类型。众多研究探索出四种金钱心理类型：金钱崇拜者,金钱粗心者,金钱冷漠者,和金钱拒斥者。以往问卷调查发现四种金钱心理类型个体相互之间,以及与其他变量之间存在着显著差异。本研究在已有研究的基础上,首先通过问卷调查区分出不同金钱心理类型的大学生,其中金钱崇拜者所占比例最高,其次是金钱冷漠者,然后是金钱粗心者,金钱拒斥者所占比例最低。确定出四种类型的大学生之后对不同金钱心理类型大学生的特点进行分析,从中选择被试参与实验。后续实验着重探讨实验条件下四种金钱心理类型大学生个体之间的差异。然后通过三个具体的研究探讨不同金钱心理类型的大学生在加工金钱图片、情绪面孔图片、金钱食物混合图片时表现出来的差异。研究一通过点探测范式(实验一)和空间线索范式(实验二)探讨不同金钱心理类型的大学生对金钱信息的注意偏向及其差异。实验一所采用的点探测范式由于实验控制的原因没有取得良好的效果,该实验没有发现被试间的任何差异。实验二在实验一的基础上进行了改进,更换了实验材料并采用空间线索范式对四种类型被试对金钱的注意偏向进行研究,结果表明,四种金钱心理类型中,金钱冷漠者对金钱图片存在着注意偏向,而这种偏向在其他三种金钱心理类型被试中并未发生。研究二根据前人调查的金钱情感状况,对不同金钱心理类型大学生由金钱引发的情感进行探索。该研究采用金钱启动结合情绪Stroop范式进行研究,通过被试对情绪面孔颜色的按键反应考察他们对情绪面孔的注意偏向。该研究发现金钱心理类型的主效应显著,金钱拒斥者和金钱冷漠者之间差异显著,金钱拒斥者和金钱粗心者之间的差异也达到显著性水平,其他类别相互之间则没有表现出显著性差异。其中,金钱粗心者和金钱冷漠者表现出对中性面孔的注意偏向,金钱拒斥者表现出对带有积极和消极情绪面孔的注意偏向,而金钱崇拜者对积极消极和中性面孔均没有表现出偏向。研究三采用更具生态效度的眼动实验来探索面对具有同等吸引力的金钱和食物时,四种金钱心理类型被试在对其投入的注意力方面是否表现出差异。实验中将金钱和食物混入四种日常物品中拍成图片,请被试对图片进行自由观看,以此模拟环境中同时存在的金钱和食物。采用眼动追踪技术对被试在自由观看过程中的眼动轨迹进行记录。分析被试在金钱和食物两个兴趣区的瞳孔直径、首视点比率、注视点数量比率、和注视时间比率来分析四种金钱心理类型之间的差异,对金钱和食物的注意警觉和注意维持,以及在高低金钱和食物吸引力条件下的反应。研究结果发现,四种金钱心理类型被试在高吸引力情况下的情绪唤醒水平均高于在低吸引力条件下的情绪唤醒水平；在高吸引力条件下,被试对食物的情绪唤醒水平较高,而在低吸引力条件下对金钱有较高的情绪唤起；金钱粗心者在实验过程中表现出高于其他三种类型被试的情绪唤起；另外四种类型被试均表现出对金钱的注意警觉和注意维持。
[Abstract]:Money (money profiles) is a type of psychological attitude to money according to different individuals, identified by the cluster analysis method of money in cognition, emotion, different psychological types have significant differences and behavior. Many studies explored four types: the psychology of money money worship, careless money, money indifference money, and rejection. Previous survey found that four of money between the individual psychological types, there are significant differences between and with other variables. This research is based on the existing research, firstly, through the questionnaire survey to distinguish different types of College Students' psychology of money, money worship has the highest proportion, followed by cold money then, money is careless, money who rejects the lowest proportion. After determining four types of College Students' psychological characteristics of different types of college students for money Analysis, choose from subjects participating in the experiment. The follow-up study focuses on the differences between the types of College Students' individual psychology of money of the four under the experimental conditions. Then through three concrete research on different types of students in the psychology of money money picture processing, emotional face pictures, show differences in money foods mixed picture.
A study on the dot probe paradigm (Experiment 1) and spatial cueing paradigm (experiment two) to explore the different types of students on the psychology of money money information attention bias and differences. The adopted dot probe paradigm due to experimental control has not achieved good results, the experiment found no differences between subjects experiment two. On the basis of experiment was improved, and the replacement of the experimental material spatial cuing paradigm of four types of money were tested on the study of attentional bias, the results show that the four types of psychological money, money for money are indifferent picture attention bias, and this bias in the other three money psychological type subjects did not happen.
Study on the emotional status of two according to the previous survey of money, money for different types of college students psychological emotion caused by money to explore. The study used money with start emotional Stroop paradigm of the subjects responses to emotional faces color on their attention to emotional faces bias. The study found that the main effect of psychological types of money significant differences between money, and money was rejected apathy, the difference between the money and the money of the rejection of careless also reached significant level, among other categories showed no significant difference. Among them, money and money careless indifference show of neutral face attention bias, money rejection showed with a bias for positive and negative emotional faces, and money worship of positive negative and neutral faces did not show bias.
Study three used the eye movement experiment more ecological validity to explore the face of equally attractive money and food, four types of subjects in the psychology of money on its investment focus is difference. The money and food mixed with four kinds of pictures of everyday items, please try on the picture for free to watch in order to simulate simultaneously exist in the environment of money and food. The eye tracking record of subjects'eye movements in the free viewing process technology. Analysis of subjects in diameter money and food in two regions of interest of the pupil, as the first point ratio, number of fixation ratio and fixation time ratio to analyze the differences between the four money psychological type, the alert for money and food and pay attention to maintenance, and the response level of money and food attractive conditions. The results showed that four kinds of money psychology class Subjects in the high attraction under emotional arousal level were higher than that in the low attraction under the condition of high emotional arousal level; in attractive conditions, the subjects of food emotional arousal level is higher, while in the lower attractive conditions of money have higher emotional arousal; coarse money during the experiment the heart showed higher than the other three types of subjects' emotional arousal; another four types of subjects showed the alert for money and sustained attention.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.2

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