当前农村学生营养餐供餐模式研究
发布时间：2018-12-18 12:19
【摘要】：随着中央政府推行农村学生营养改善政策,为农村学生提供营养餐从民间慈善行为演变为政府行动,也引起了教育学界的兴趣,成为当今教育学领域学者关注的热点之一。虽然国务院十四部委联合下发了五个关于营养餐政策实行的配套文件,用于指导营养餐的供餐；但是其中对于营养餐的具体供餐模式介绍的较为简略,国内学者也较少涉及这个领域的研究。 鉴于以上分析,本文将研究的着力点定位于营养餐的供餐模式。文章第一部分为导论,主要介绍研究意义、研究缘起、研究成果综述、研究方法和研究路径,并且对相关概念做出了界定；第二部分介绍农村学生营养改善政策出台的政策背景和时代背景,指出虽然该项政策的出台受到了民间“免费午餐”公益活动的积极影响,但是也有其必然性,该部分还对现阶段该项政策做了简要介绍。 在介绍了农村营养餐政策的基本情况后,本文从第三部分开始具体介绍三种供餐模式,第三部分、第四部分、第五部分分别介绍学校模式、企业模式和家庭模式。学校供餐模式的优点可以概括为政府主导、内容丰富、易于推广三个方面；但是同时正是基于其政府主导性,该模式又具有资金保障不足、规范过于笼统、人员管理困难的弊端。与学校模式相比,企业模式最大的区别在于企业是供餐的主体,所以它具有运营效率高、节约行政成本、节约时间成本的优势；但弊端同样明显,其一企业的逐利性可能会冲击营养餐的公益色彩,其二、存在食品安全隐患,其三、食品营养单一,其四、受交通运输条件制约较大。家庭供餐模式是一种与企业模式相似的模式,只不过其规模小、准入条件低,所以它的优点体现在操作简便、成本低廉、可以最低保障三个方面;但是该模式的自身局限性使其弊端明显,表现在食品安全隐患巨大、监管困难、责任人确定困难三个方面。 面对三种模式的优缺点,本文的第六部分总结了它们的启示,就是要坚持以学校模式为主体,以公益为核心,以效率为目标。同时,对于三种供餐模式的弊端必须重视,要通过健全法律法规体系、加大保障资金投入力度、加强领导完善监管等多方面努力,使得三种供餐模式都能够积极发挥作用。
[Abstract]:With the central government carrying out the policy of improving the nutrition of rural students, the provision of nutritious food for rural students has evolved from folk charitable behavior to government action, which has also aroused the interest of the educational circles and become one of the hot spots that scholars pay attention to in the field of pedagogy. Although the 14 ministries and commissions of the State Council jointly issued five supporting documents on the implementation of the nutritious meal policy, which were used to guide the feeding of the nutritious meal; However, the specific feeding model of nutritious meal is relatively simple, and the domestic scholars seldom involved in this field. In view of the above analysis, this paper focuses on the feeding model of nutritious meals. The first part of the article is an introduction, which mainly introduces the significance of the research, the origin of the research, the summary of the research results, the research methods and the research path, and defines the related concepts. The second part introduces the policy background and times background of rural students' nutrition improvement policy, and points out that although the policy is positively influenced by the "free lunch" public welfare activities, it has its inevitability. This part also makes a brief introduction to this policy at the present stage. After introducing the basic situation of the rural nutritious meal policy, this article introduces three kinds of feeding modes in detail from the third part, the fourth part, the fifth part respectively introduces the school pattern, the enterprise model and the family model. The advantages of school feeding model can be summarized as government-led, rich in content, easy to promote in three aspects; But at the same time, based on the guidance of the government, the model has the disadvantages of inadequate fund guarantee, too general norms and difficult personnel management. Compared with the school model, the biggest difference between the enterprise model and the school model is that the enterprise is the main body of catering, so it has the advantages of high operational efficiency, saving administrative cost and saving time cost; But the drawback is also obvious. One enterprise may impinge the commonweal color of the nutritious meal, the other is the hidden trouble of food safety, the third is the single food nutrition, and the fourth is restricted by the transportation conditions. Family feeding model is similar to the enterprise model, but its scale is small, access conditions are low, so its advantages are easy to operate, low cost, can be the lowest security in three aspects; However, the limitation of this model makes its disadvantages obvious, such as the huge hidden trouble of food safety, the difficulty of supervision and the difficulty of determining the responsible person. In the face of the advantages and disadvantages of the three models, the sixth part of this paper summarizes their enlightenment, that is, to adhere to the school model as the main body, public welfare as the core, efficiency as the goal. At the same time, we must pay attention to the malpractice of the three kinds of feeding modes. We should improve the system of laws and regulations, increase the investment of guarantee funds, strengthen the leadership and perfect the supervision and so on, so that the three modes of feeding can play an active role.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G521
[Abstract]:With the central government carrying out the policy of improving the nutrition of rural students, the provision of nutritious food for rural students has evolved from folk charitable behavior to government action, which has also aroused the interest of the educational circles and become one of the hot spots that scholars pay attention to in the field of pedagogy. Although the 14 ministries and commissions of the State Council jointly issued five supporting documents on the implementation of the nutritious meal policy, which were used to guide the feeding of the nutritious meal; However, the specific feeding model of nutritious meal is relatively simple, and the domestic scholars seldom involved in this field. In view of the above analysis, this paper focuses on the feeding model of nutritious meals. The first part of the article is an introduction, which mainly introduces the significance of the research, the origin of the research, the summary of the research results, the research methods and the research path, and defines the related concepts. The second part introduces the policy background and times background of rural students' nutrition improvement policy, and points out that although the policy is positively influenced by the "free lunch" public welfare activities, it has its inevitability. This part also makes a brief introduction to this policy at the present stage. After introducing the basic situation of the rural nutritious meal policy, this article introduces three kinds of feeding modes in detail from the third part, the fourth part, the fifth part respectively introduces the school pattern, the enterprise model and the family model. The advantages of school feeding model can be summarized as government-led, rich in content, easy to promote in three aspects; But at the same time, based on the guidance of the government, the model has the disadvantages of inadequate fund guarantee, too general norms and difficult personnel management. Compared with the school model, the biggest difference between the enterprise model and the school model is that the enterprise is the main body of catering, so it has the advantages of high operational efficiency, saving administrative cost and saving time cost; But the drawback is also obvious. One enterprise may impinge the commonweal color of the nutritious meal, the other is the hidden trouble of food safety, the third is the single food nutrition, and the fourth is restricted by the transportation conditions. Family feeding model is similar to the enterprise model, but its scale is small, access conditions are low, so its advantages are easy to operate, low cost, can be the lowest security in three aspects; However, the limitation of this model makes its disadvantages obvious, such as the huge hidden trouble of food safety, the difficulty of supervision and the difficulty of determining the responsible person. In the face of the advantages and disadvantages of the three models, the sixth part of this paper summarizes their enlightenment, that is, to adhere to the school model as the main body, public welfare as the core, efficiency as the goal. At the same time, we must pay attention to the malpractice of the three kinds of feeding modes. We should improve the system of laws and regulations, increase the investment of guarantee funds, strengthen the leadership and perfect the supervision and so on, so that the three modes of feeding can play an active role.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G521
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