民初山西《通俗国文教科书》之研究
发布时间：2018-12-20 11:34
【摘要】：“过去没有死去,而是就活在现实之中”1。英国现代著名史学家柯林武德的一句话让我们置身于时代的长河中去审视过去,过去所有被我们称之为历史的东西,都对于现实有着深远的意义。而要真正了解蔓延在现实之中、又不断与现实相互连接着的历史,我们就必须带着对历史的敬重与对现实的关怀走进其中,寻找与糟粕并行又被后人念念不忘的精华。 历史的车轮滚滚前行,却总留下一些极为相似的印记。与现在的教育改革风起云涌的情形极为相近,早在上个世纪二三十年代,教育界就曾经历过一场浩浩荡荡的大变化,经过这场大变革的洗礼,学堂中读书的朗朗声中再听不到晦涩难懂的之乎者也,街道上处处可见的广告牌再也看不到形状复杂的字迹,这场文化上与教育上的大变革,改变了几代人的生活。当时的社会各界人士都积极投身其中,令人讶异的是,穷兵黩武的军阀们也为教育事业的变革而乐此不疲。在众多的军阀中,“山西王”阎锡山以他卓越的教育成就与褒贬不一的政治评价走入人们的视线中。著名的人民教育家陶行知与著名教育家胡适先生都曾对于阎锡山的教育贡献赞不绝口。他以国民教育作为全省教育发展的根基,在此基础上发展职业教育谋求社会发展的生计,发展社会教育用以感化民众,并将他独特的教育思想融入到教科书之中。 《通俗国文教科书》是在阎锡山的倡导下,由山西省教科书审编委员会编写并出版发行的,曾发行几百万套广泛使用于山西各县区,为通俗国文的推行与民众意识的开化起了非常大的引导作用,同时其中所涉及的极为综合化的内容与重商、重工的思想为人民寻得了广泛的职业选择。在那个动荡的年代,在遥远又闭塞的山西,阎锡山为孩子提供了几十万张“安静的书桌”,让他们在朗朗的读书声中随着通俗国语的推行而走入一个新的世界。 本论文采取重点深入研究的思路,坚守“研究教科书必须见到书”的原则,试图随着特定的课本走入历史长河之中,分析它在那个历史环境之中所扮演的角色,并将其特点与政治统治者的教育思想相结合。论文分三章进行展开： 第一章对于阎锡山重教的原因进行系统的总结,从中摸索其教育动机与教育思想与《通俗国文教科书》关联；第二章从指导思想、具体内容、组织形式等方面对于这套教科书进行详细的分析介绍；第三章对阎锡山进行总体评价并对教科书的可资借鉴的经验进行总结。
[Abstract]:The past did not die, but lived in reality. The words of British modern historian Colin Wuld put us in the long river of the times to examine the past. All the things we call history in the past have far-reaching significance to the reality. In order to truly understand the history which spreads in reality and is constantly connected with reality, we must go into it with respect for history and concern for reality, and look for the essence which parallels with dross and is remembered by future generations. The wheels of history roll, but always leave some very similar imprint. The situation is very similar to that of the current education reform. As early as the 1920s and 1930s, the education sector experienced a tremendous change, after the baptism of this great change. The sounds of reading in school can no longer be heard obscure, the streets everywhere billboards can no longer see complex handwriting, this cultural and educational transformation, has changed the lives of generations. At that time, people from all walks of life were actively involved, and surprisingly, militaristic warlords enjoyed the transformation of education. Among the many warlords, "Shanxi King" Yan Xishan, with his outstanding educational achievements and different political evaluation, came to the attention of people. Tao Xingzhi, a famous people's educator, and Hu Shi, a famous educator, have been full of praise for Yan Xishan's contribution to education. He took the national education as the foundation of the education development of the whole province. On this basis, he developed the vocational education to seek the livelihood of the social development, developed the social education to influence the people, and incorporated his unique educational thought into the textbooks. The popular Chinese textbook was compiled and published by the textbook Review and Editing Committee of Shanxi Province at the initiative of Yan Xishan, and millions of sets of textbooks were widely used in all counties and districts of Shanxi. It plays a very important role in guiding the implementation of popular Chinese and the enlightenment of popular consciousness, and at the same time, it involves extremely comprehensive contents and important business, so the thought of heavy industry can find a wide range of career choices for the people. In those turbulent times, in the remote and closed Shanxi Province, Yan Xishan provided hundreds of thousands of "quiet desks" to children, allowing them to enter a new world with the promotion of popular Mandarin in the sound of reading. This thesis takes the thought of the key and in-depth research, adheres to the principle of "the study textbook must see the book", and tries to analyze the role it plays in that historical environment with the specific textbook going into the long history. And will its characteristics and political rulers of the educational thought combined. The thesis is divided into three chapters: the first chapter is a systematic summary of the causes of Yan Xishan's emphasis on education, from which to explore the relationship between his educational motivation and educational thought and the popular Chinese textbook; The second chapter makes a detailed analysis and introduction of the textbook from the aspects of guiding ideology, concrete content, organization form and so on; the third chapter gives a general evaluation to Yan Xishan and summarizes the experience of the textbook that can be used for reference.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G529
本文编号：2387940
[Abstract]:The past did not die, but lived in reality. The words of British modern historian Colin Wuld put us in the long river of the times to examine the past. All the things we call history in the past have far-reaching significance to the reality. In order to truly understand the history which spreads in reality and is constantly connected with reality, we must go into it with respect for history and concern for reality, and look for the essence which parallels with dross and is remembered by future generations. The wheels of history roll, but always leave some very similar imprint. The situation is very similar to that of the current education reform. As early as the 1920s and 1930s, the education sector experienced a tremendous change, after the baptism of this great change. The sounds of reading in school can no longer be heard obscure, the streets everywhere billboards can no longer see complex handwriting, this cultural and educational transformation, has changed the lives of generations. At that time, people from all walks of life were actively involved, and surprisingly, militaristic warlords enjoyed the transformation of education. Among the many warlords, "Shanxi King" Yan Xishan, with his outstanding educational achievements and different political evaluation, came to the attention of people. Tao Xingzhi, a famous people's educator, and Hu Shi, a famous educator, have been full of praise for Yan Xishan's contribution to education. He took the national education as the foundation of the education development of the whole province. On this basis, he developed the vocational education to seek the livelihood of the social development, developed the social education to influence the people, and incorporated his unique educational thought into the textbooks. The popular Chinese textbook was compiled and published by the textbook Review and Editing Committee of Shanxi Province at the initiative of Yan Xishan, and millions of sets of textbooks were widely used in all counties and districts of Shanxi. It plays a very important role in guiding the implementation of popular Chinese and the enlightenment of popular consciousness, and at the same time, it involves extremely comprehensive contents and important business, so the thought of heavy industry can find a wide range of career choices for the people. In those turbulent times, in the remote and closed Shanxi Province, Yan Xishan provided hundreds of thousands of "quiet desks" to children, allowing them to enter a new world with the promotion of popular Mandarin in the sound of reading. This thesis takes the thought of the key and in-depth research, adheres to the principle of "the study textbook must see the book", and tries to analyze the role it plays in that historical environment with the specific textbook going into the long history. And will its characteristics and political rulers of the educational thought combined. The thesis is divided into three chapters: the first chapter is a systematic summary of the causes of Yan Xishan's emphasis on education, from which to explore the relationship between his educational motivation and educational thought and the popular Chinese textbook; The second chapter makes a detailed analysis and introduction of the textbook from the aspects of guiding ideology, concrete content, organization form and so on; the third chapter gives a general evaluation to Yan Xishan and summarizes the experience of the textbook that can be used for reference.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G529
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